Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

directed the way to

Толкование Перевод

1 the study has directed the way to improvements in

Математика: исследование наметило пути улучшения (...) (...)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the study has directed the way to improvements in
2 намечать пути к

•
The study directed the way to improvements in the technique.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > намечать пути к
3 намечать пути к

•
The study directed the way to improvements in the technique.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > намечать пути к
4 намечать

(= наметить, планировать) plan, project, outline
• В этом параграфе мы наметим элементы техники, используемой для... - In this section we outline the techniques used to...

• Другие подходы к той же задаче будут намечены ниже. - The different approaches to this problem will be outlined below.

• Другое доказательство намечено в упражнении 2. - An alternative proof is outlined in Exercise 2.

• Исследование наметило пути улучшения... - The study has directed the way to improvements in...

• Итак, мы наметим несколько методов, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...

• Мы наметим в общих чертах метод, основанный на... - We will outline a procedure based on...

Русско-английский словарь научного общения > намечать
5 исследование наметило пути улучшения (...)

Mathematics: the study has directed the way to improvements in (...)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > исследование наметило пути улучшения (...)
6 исследование наметило пути улучшения

Mathematics: (...) the study has directed the way to improvements in (...)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > исследование наметило пути улучшения
7 dirección

f.

1 direction, guidance, orientation, tack.

2 address, postal address.

3 steering wheel, steering.

4 management, administration.

5 editorial board.

6 editorship.

7 authorities.

8 leadership, leaders of the party.

* * *

dirección

► nombre femenino

1 (acción de dirigir) management, running

■ le han encomendado la dirección de un banco he has been entrusted with managing a bank

2 (cargo) directorship, position of manager; (de un partido) leadership; (de un colegio) headship; (de editorial) position of editor

3 (junta) board of directors, management

4 (oficina) head office, headquarters plural

5 (sentido) direction, way

6 (destino) destination

■ salió con dirección a Cádiz he left for Cádiz

7 (domicilio) address

8 TÉCNICA steering

9 figurado (orientación) direction

■ el premio que gané cambió la dirección de mi vida the prize I won changed my way of life

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

llevar la dirección de algo to run something, direct something

calle de dirección única one-way street

dirección asistida AUTOMÓVIL power assisted steering, power steering

dirección general head office

'Dirección prohibida' "No entry"

* * *

noun f.

1) address

2) direction, way

3) management

4) steering

* * *

SF

1) (=sentido) direction

la dirección del viento — the wind direction

¿podría indicarme la dirección de la playa? — could you show me the way to the beach?

dirección prohibida — no entry

• salir con dirección a — to leave for

salió con dirección desconocida — he left for an unknown destination

el tráfico con dirección a Barcelona — traffic for Barcelona

trenes con dirección este — eastbound trains

• ir en dirección contraria — to go the other way

• de dos direcciones Esp —

calle de dos direcciones — two-way street

conmutador de dos direcciones — two-way switch

• ir en dirección a — to go in the direction of, go towards, head for

el taxi iba en dirección al aeropuerto — the taxi was going in the direction of o towards the airport, the taxi was heading for the airport

el tráfico en dirección a Burgos — traffic for Burgos

• calle de dirección obligatoria o única — one-way street

2) (=orientación) way

desconozco la dirección que están siguiendo los acontecimientos — I don't know which way events are going

3) (=señas) address

su nombre y dirección completa — your full name and address

la carta llevaba una dirección equivocada — the letter was wrongly addressed o had the wrong address

• poner la dirección a un sobre — to address an envelope

dirección absoluta — absolute address

dirección comercial — business address

dirección de correo electrónico — email address

dirección de Internet — web address

dirección del remitente — return address

dirección electrónica — email address

dirección IP — IP address

dirección particular — home address

dirección postal — postal address

dirección profesional — business address

dirección relativa — relative address

4) (=control) [de empresa, hospital, centro de enseñanza] running; [de partido] leadership; [de película] direction

tomar la dirección de una empresa — to take over the running of a company

le han confiado la dirección de la obra — he has been put in charge of the work

se ha hecho cargo de la dirección de la orquesta — he's been appointed conductor of the orchestra

con dirección de Polanski — directed by Polanski

dirección colectiva, dirección colegiada — (Pol) collective leadership

dirección de escena — stage management

dirección de orquesta — conducting

dirección empresarial — business management

dirección escénica — stage management

5) (=personal directivo)

• la dirección — [de empresa, centro escolar] the management; [de partido] the leadership; [de periódico] the editorial board

prohibido fumar en este local: la dirección — smoking is prohibited in this building: the management

habrá cambios en la dirección del partido — there will be changes in the party leadership

6) (=cargo) [en colegio] headship, principalship (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editorship; [en partido] leadership; [de gerente] post of manager; [de alto cargo] directorship

7) (=despacho) [en colegio] headteacher's office, principal's office (EEUU); [en periódico, revista] editor's office; [de gerente] manager's office; [de alto cargo] director's office

8) (=oficina principal) head office

Dirección General de Seguridad — State Security Office, State Security Service

Dirección General de Turismo — State Tourist Office

dirección provincial — regional office of a government department

9) (Aut, Náut) steering

tiene la dirección averiada — the steering is faulty

mecanismo de dirección — steering (mechanism)

dirección asistida, dirección hidráulica — LAm power steering

* * *

femenino

1) ( señas) address

nombre y dirección — name and address

- dirección electrónica

- dirección particular

- dirección postal

2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

ellos venían en dirección contraria — they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

cambiar de dirección — to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida — no-entry sign

dirección obligatoria — one way only

3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering

- dirección asistida

4) (Adm)

a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager

b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership

c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office

5)

a) (de obra, película) direction

la dirección es de Saura — it is directed by Saura

b) ( de orquesta)

bajo la dirección de Campomar — conducted by Campomar

c) (de empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor — under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

femenino

1) ( señas) address

nombre y dirección — name and address

- dirección electrónica

- dirección particular

- dirección postal

2) (sentido, rumbo) direction

ellos venían en dirección contraria — they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? — which way was he heading o going?

cambiar de dirección — to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida — no-entry sign

dirección obligatoria — one way only

3) (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering

- dirección asistida

4) (Adm)

a) ( cargo - en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE); (- en empresa) post o position of manager

b) ( cuerpo directivo - de empresa) management; (- de periódico) editorial board; (- de prisión) authorities (pl); (- de partido) leadership

c) ( oficina - en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE); (- en empresa) manager's/director's office; (- en periódico) editorial office

5)

a) (de obra, película) direction

la dirección es de Saura — it is directed by Saura

b) ( de orquesta)

bajo la dirección de Campomar — conducted by Campomar

c) (de empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor — under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

dirección¹

¹ = administration, directorship, management, senior staff, governance, senior management, top management, headship, steerage, directing, leadership, senior managers.

Ex: Since the Reagan administration began its war on waste in 1981, farmers and other citizens have had not alternative to buying their information from the private sector at far steeper prices.

Ex: An applicant for the directorship of a medium-sized public library is asked to explain how he would conduct a community survey and demonstrate how he would plan library programs.

Ex: The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.

Ex: Senior SLIS staff were seen to be relatively content with their present levels of funding which has been modestly increased in recent years = El personal de dirección de las EUBYD parecía estar relativamente contento con sus niveles actuales de financiación que se han incrementado moderadamente en los últimos años.

Ex: Public libraries specifically face enormous problems of funding and governance.

Ex: In some library authorities these associations are highly developed and form a positive bridge between junior staff and the senior management.

Ex: Nevertheless, performance evaluation can be made more effective if, as stated earlier, the program is strongly supported by top management.

Ex: In the context of collegial management in university libraries, this article presents the advantages and disadvantages of rotating headships.

Ex: Incorrect reference entry is an unpardonable sin, since the purpose of the entry is to give exact steerage to the original paper from the abstract.

Ex: All managers should be knowledgeable in strategies of good directing so that a productive and nurturing environment can be created.

Ex: The leadership challenge is to flatten out differences, identify the new goals, and make tough decisions.

Ex: Our senior managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of the organisation.

* asumir la dirección = take over + the leadership (from).

* bajo la dirección de = under the supervision of.

* comité de dirección = steering committee.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* dirección cinematográfica = film direction.

* dirección compartida = shared governance.

* dirección de la biblioteca = library administrators.

* dirección de la biblioteca, la = library administration, the.

* dirección general = directorate-general.

* dirección participativa = participative management.

* en el puesto de dirección = in the hot seat.

* en la dirección = in the saddle.

* en la dirección (de) = at the helm (of).

* equipo de dirección = management, management team, administrative team.

* grupo de dirección = management.

* junta de dirección = board of directors.

* junta de dirección de la escuela = school board.

* nivel alto de dirección = higher management.

* ocupar un cargo de dirección = hold + a chair.

* personal de dirección = senior staff, senior management.

* puesto de dirección = position of leadership.

* relativo a la dirección = directorial.

* resumen de la dirección = executive summary.

* reunión de la dirección = board meeting.

dirección²

² = direction, quarter.

Ex: Thus the thesaurus user may approach a term from 'either direction'.

Ex: A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.

* cambiar dirección = change + direction.

* cambio de dirección = change of hands.

* continuar en esta dirección = proceed + along this way.

* dar dirección = lend + direction.

* dirección del viento = wind direction.

* en ambas direcciones = two-way.

* en dirección de la proa = abaft.

* en dirección este = eastward(s), eastbound.

* en dirección norte = northbound.

* en dirección oeste = westbound, westward(s).

* en dirección sur = southward(s), southbound.

* en la dirección de = toward(s).

* en la dirección de la máquina = machine-direction.

* en la dirección del viento = downwind.

* falta de dirección = indirection.

* indicador de dirección = signpost.

* línea de dirección = line of direction.

* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mirar en otra dirección = look + the other way.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* timón de dirección = rudder.

* tomar otra dirección = branch off + on a side trail.

* tomar una dirección = take + direction.

dirección³

³ = address.

Ex: The Acquisitions system uses a Name address Directory as its source of address information for orders.

* correo con dirección errónea = misdirected mail.

* dirección de contacto = contact address.

* dirección de correo = mailing address.

* dirección de correo electrónico = email address.

* dirección de envío = shipping address.

* dirección de facturación = billing address, invoice address.

* dirección del remitente = return address.

* dirección de pago = payment address.

* dirección favorita = bookmark.

* dirección para correspondencia = mailing address.

* dirección postal = postal address, mailing address.

* dirección web = web address.

* fichero de direcciones = addresses file.

* intercambio de direcciones = exchange of address.

* libreta de direcciones = address book.

* lista de direcciones = mailing list.

* máquina de imprimir direcciones = addressograph, addressing machine.

* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.

dirección⁴

⁴ = steering.

Ex: This article describes in detail the various methods of ink-jet printing employing electrostatic steering, electromagnetic steering, and multiple ink jets.

* dirección asistida = power steering.

dirección⁵

⁵ = tack.

Ex: The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.

* dirección asistida = power-assisted steering.

* explorar una dirección = chart + direction.

* * *

dirección

feminine

A (señas) address

nombre y dirección name and address

Compuestos:

● dirección absoluta

absolute address

● dirección comercial

business address

● dirección electrónica

e-mail address

● dirección particular

home address

● dirección postal

postal address

● dirección relativa

relative address

● dirección telegráfica

telegraphic address

B (sentido, rumbo) direction

circulaba con or en dirección a Madrid it was heading toward(s) Madrid

ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction

¿en qué dirección iba? or ¿qué dirección llevaba? which way was he heading o going?

su política ha tomado una nueva dirección their policy has taken a new direction

vientos de dirección norte northerly winds

cambiar de dirección to change direction

señal de dirección prohibida no-entry sign

la flecha indica dirección obligatoria the arrow indicates that it's one way only

C ( Auto) (mecanismo) steering; (volante) steering wheel

alinear la dirección to align the wheels

Compuesto:

dirección asistida

power-assisted steering, power steering

D ( Adm)

1 (cargo — en una escuela) principalship ( AmE), headship ( BrE); (— en una empresa) post o position of manager

2 (cuerpo directivo — de una empresa) management; (— de un periódico) editorial board; (— de una prisión) authorities (pl); (— de un partido) leadership

3 (oficina — en una escuela) principal's office ( AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office ( BrE); (— en una empresa) manager's/director's office; (— en un periódico) editorial office

E

1 (de una obra, película) direction

es su primer trabajo de dirección it's the first time she's directed, it's her first job as a director o her first directing job

la dirección es de Saura it is directed by Saura

2

(de una orquesta): bajo la dirección de Campomar conducted by Campomar

3 (de una empresa, proyecto) management

bajo la dirección de su profesor under the guidance of her teacher

* * *

dirección sustantivo femenino
1 ( señas) address
2 (sentido, rumbo) direction;
◊ ellos venían en dirección contraria they were coming the other way o from the opposite direction;

¿en qué dirección iba? which way was he heading o going?;
señal de dirección prohibida no-entry sign;
dirección obligatoria one way only
3 (Auto) ( mecanismo) steering;
◊ dirección asistida power-assisted steering, power steering

4 (Adm)
a) ( cargo — en escuela) principalship (AmE), headship (BrE);

(— en empresa) post o position of manager
b) ( cuerpo directivo — de empresa) management;

(— de periódico) editorial board;
(— de prisión) authorities (pl);
(— de partido) leadership
c) ( oficina — en escuela) principal's office (AmE), headmaster's/headmistress's office (BrE);

(— en empresa) manager's/director's office;
(— en periódico) editorial office
dirección sustantivo femenino
1 (sentido, rumbo) direction
dirección obligatoria, one way only
dirección prohibida, no entry
en dirección a, towards
2 (domicilio) address
3 Cine Teat direction
4 (conjunto de dirigentes de una empresa) management
(de un partido) leadership
(de un colegio) headship, US principal's office
5 (cargo de dirección) directorship
6 (oficina del director) director's office
7 Auto Téc steering
dirección asistida, power steering
' dirección' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- allí
- cambiarse
- canalizar
- cara
- de
- derivar
- DGT
- dirigir
- domicilio
- dorso
- este
- girar
- giro
- hacia
- jefatura
- junta
- lado
- llevar
- para
- patronal
- recta
- recto
- rumbo
- saber
- seña
- singladura
- viraje
- a
- actual
- adelante
- adentro
- afuera
- anotar
- arriba
- arroba
- atrás
- calle
- camino
- casualidad
- contramano
- contrario
- deber
- encabezamiento
- indicador
- nordeste
- noroeste
- norte
- oeste
English:
address
- administration
- ahead
- ashore
- back
- business
- change
- course
- direction
- double-jointed
- eastbound
- entry
- film making
- him
- inquire
- leadership
- management
- negotiation
- oncoming
- opposite
- out of
- over
- overseas
- power steering
- promptly
- redirect
- round
- self-addressed
- somewhere
- south
- south-east
- south-west
- spin
- steering
- swing
- switch
- to
- turn
- up
- way
- westward
- with
- down
- east
- easterly
- eastward
- head
- inland
- internal
- may

* * *

dirección nf

1. [sentido] direction;

se halla interrumpido el tráfico en ambas direcciones the road is closed in both directions;

cambiar de dirección to change direction;

en dirección contraria in the opposite direction;

calle de dirección única one-way street;

señal de dirección obligatoria = sign indicating that traffic must go in a particular direction;

dirección prohibida [en letrero] no entry;

no gires por la siguiente, que es dirección prohibida don't take the next turning, it's no entry;

circular en dirección prohibida to drive the wrong way up a one-way street

2. [rumbo] direction;

con dirección a, en dirección a towards, in the direction of;

los trenes con o [m5] en dirección a Málaga trains to Malaga;

¿en qué dirección ibas? which way were you going?;

íbamos en dirección a mi casa we were heading for my place;

se fue en dirección (al) sur he went south;

el buque avanzaba en la dirección del viento the ship had the wind behind it;

los acontecimientos han tomado una dirección inesperada events have taken an unexpected turn

3. [domicilio] address;

déme su nombre y dirección, por favor could you tell me your name and address, please?

Comp
dirección de entrega shipping address
4. Informát address

Comp
dirección de correo electrónico e-mail address;
dirección electrónica [de correo] e-mail address;
[de página] web page address;
dirección IP IP address;

dirección de memoria memory address;

dirección web web address

5. [mando, gestión] [de empresa, hospital] management;
[de partido] leadership; [de colegio] headship; [de periódico] editorship; [de película] direction; [de obra de teatro] production; [de orquesta] conducting;
estudia dirección de cine he's studying film directing

6. [oficina] [de empresa, hospital] manager's office;
[de colegio] Br headmaster's/headmistress's o US principal's office; [de periódico] editor's office
7. [junta directiva] [de empresa, hospital] management;
[de partido] leadership; [de colegio] management team; [de periódico] editorial board;
la dirección de este periódico no se hace responsable de la opinión de sus colaboradores the editors of this newspaper are not responsible for opinions expressed by contributors

Comp
dirección comercial commercial department;
dirección general head office;
RP Dirección General Impositiva Br ≈ Inland Revenue, US ≈ IRS;
Dirección General de Tráfico = government department in charge of road transport

8. [de vehículo] steering

Comp
Esp dirección asistida power steering; Am dirección hidráulica power steering
9. Geol strike

* * *

dirección

f

1 ( sentido) direction;

en aquella dirección that way, in that direction;

dirección obligatoria one way only

2 COM management; POL leadership

3 de coche steering

4 TEA, de película direction;

bajo la dirección de under the direction of, directed by

5 en carta address

6 ( rumbo)

:

con dirección a Lima for Lima;

en dirección a heading for;

en dirección sur heading south

7

:

direcciones pl ( instrucciones) guidelines

* * *

dirección nf, pl - ciones

1) : address

2) : direction

3) : management, leadership

4) : steering (of an automobile)

* * *

dirección n

1. (sentido) direction

se fue en esa dirección she went in that direction / she went that way

empezamos a caminar en dirección a su casa we began walking towards his house

el tren con dirección a Sevilla the train to Seville

2. (señas) address [pl. addresses]

dame tu dirección give me your address

3. (directores de una empresa) management

profesiones como dirección empresarial professions such as business management

dirección prohibida no entry

dirección única one way

Spanish-English dictionary > dirección
8 dirigir

v.

1 to steer (conducir) (coche, barco).

2 to manage (llevar) (empresa, hotel, hospital).

dirige mi tesis, me dirige la tesis he's supervising my thesis, he's my PhD supervisor

3 to direct.

Ella dirigió el caso She directed the case.

Ella dirige al equipo She directs the team.

4 to address (carta, paquete).

5 to guide (guiar) (person).

6 to point, to range.

Ellos dirigen al misil They point the missile.

7 to drive, to steer, to pilot, to head.

Ella dirige el avión She drives the plane.

8 to conduct.

Ella dirige la orquesta She conducts the orchestra.

* * *

DIRIGIR

CONJUGACIÓN

(g changes to j before a and o)

Present Indicative

dirijo, diriges, dirige, dirigimos, dirigís, dirigen.

Present Subjunctive

dirija, dirijas, dirija, dirijamos, dirijáis, dirijan.

Imperative

dirige (tú), dirija (él/Vd.), dirijamos (nos.), dirigid (vos.), dirijan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to direct, lead

2) conduct

3) address

* * *

1. VT

1) (=orientar) [+ persona] to direct; [+ asunto] to advise, guide

lo dirigió con ayuda de un mapa — she showed him the way o directed him with the help of a map

¿por qué no vas tú delante y nos diriges? — why don't you go first and lead the way?

un asesor le dirige las finanzas — a consultant advises him on his finances

estos principios dirigen nuestra política — these are the guiding principles behind our policy

dirigían sus pasos hacia la iglesia — they made their way o walked towards the church
palabra 2)
2) (=apuntar) [+ arma, telescopio] to aim, point (a, hacia at)
[+ manguera] to turn (a, hacia on) point (a, hacia at)
dirigió los focos al escenario — he pointed o directed the lights towards the stage

ordenó dirigir el fuego hacia el enemigo — he ordered them to direct o aim their fire at the enemy

3) (=destinar)

a) [+ carta, comentario, pregunta] to address (a to)

la carta iba dirigida al director — the letter was addressed to the editor

b) [+ libro, programa, producto] to aim (a at)

una publicación dirigida al mercado infantil — a publication aimed at the children's market

c) [+ acusación, críticas] to make (a, contra against)
level (a, contra at, against) [+ ataques] to make (a, contra against)
dirigieron graves acusaciones contra el ministro — serious accusations were made against the minister, serious accusations were levelled at o against the minister

le dirigieron fuertes críticas — he was strongly criticized, he came in for some strong criticism

d) [+ esfuerzos] to direct (a, hacia to, towards)

hay que dirigir todos nuestros esfuerzos hacia este fin — we must direct all our efforts to this end

4) (=controlar) [+ empresa, hospital, centro de enseñanza] to run; [+ periódico, revista] to edit, run; [+ expedición, país, sublevación] to lead; [+ maniobra, operación, investigación] to direct, be in charge of; [+ debate] to chair; [+ proceso judicial] to preside over; [+ tesis] to supervise; [+ juego, partido] to referee

dirige el Departamento de Biología — he runs the Biology Department

el Partido Comunista dirigió los destinos del país durante siete décadas — the Communist Party controlled the fate of the country for seven decades

el equipo de jugadores que dirige Muñoz — the team of players led by Muñoz

dirigió la investigación desde Madrid — he directed the investigation from Madrid

dirigió mal las negociaciones — he handled the negotiations badly, he mismanaged the negotiations
cotarro 1)
5) (Cine, Teat) to direct

6) (Mús) [+ orquesta, concierto] to conduct; [+ coro] to lead

¿quién dirigirá el coro? — who will be the choirmaster?, who will lead the choir?

7) (=conducir) [+ coche] to drive; [+ barco] to steer; [+ caballo] to lead

dirigió su coche hacia la izquierda — he steered o drove his car towards the left

2.

See:

dirigirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < empresa> to manage, run; <periódico/revista> to run, edit; <investigación/tesis> to supervise; < debate> to lead, chair

dirigir el tráfico — to direct o control the traffic

b) <obra/película> to direct

c) < orquesta> to conduct

2)

a)

dirigir algo a alguien — <mensaje/carta> to address something to somebody; < críticas> to direct something to somebody

el presidente dirigirá un mensaje a la nación — the president will address the nation

el folleto va dirigido a los padres — the booklet is aimed at parents

la pregunta iba dirigida a usted — the question was meant for you

no me dirigió la palabra — he didn't say a word to me

b)

dirigir algo hacia or a algo/alguien — < telescopio> to point something toward(s) something/somebody; < pistola> to point something toward(s) something/somebody

dirigir la mirada hacia or a algo/alguien — to look at something/somebody

le dirigió una mirada de reproche — she gave him a reproachful look

dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina — he walked toward(s) the corner

3) ( encaminar)

dirigir algo a + inf — < esfuerzos> to channel something into -ing; <energía/atención> to direct something toward(s) -ing

acciones dirigidas a aliviar el problema — measures aimed at alleviating the problem
2.
dirigirse v pron

1) ( encaminarse)

dirigirse hacia algo — to head for something

2)

dirigirse a alguien — ( oralmente) to speak o talk to somebody; ( por escrito) to write to somebody

me dirijo a Vd. para solicitarle... — (Corresp) I am writing to request...

* * *

= address, channel, direct, gear (to/toward(s)/for), lead, man, pitch, route, run, steer, head, signpost, give + direction, angle, rule over, lend + direction, shepherd, choreograph, key + Nombre + to.

Ex. More can be assumed in instructions addressed to the experienced information searcher than in instructions for the novice.

Ex. Users make suggestions for modifications and these are then channelled through a series of committees.

Ex. This statement directs the user to adopt a number more specific terms in preference to the general term.

Ex. Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. The responsibility for manning the one telephone left at the disposal of a residue of callers fell to a single officer who had other duties to carry out to justify his keep.

Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.

Ex. Requests which cannot be filled by local or regional libraries are automatically routed by the system to NLM as the library of last resort.

Ex. The service is run by Radio-Suisse and can be accessed via de PSS.

Ex. They decided that they had to set up information and referral services to steer people to the correct agency.

Ex. A stickler for details, sometimes to the point of compulsion, Edmonds was deemed a fortuitous choice to head the monumental reorganization process.

Ex. There is a need for a firststop organization that could signpost the public through the maze of government agencies and social welfare organizations.

Ex. To give direction to these physical resources, there are objectives for the project and a framework timetable.

Ex. This publication seems to find particular favour in law firms, possibly because of its currency and the way it is angled towards the commercial world.

Ex. From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex. Policies are guidelines that lend direction to planning and decision-making.

Ex. He showed the ability of a single mind to shepherd cultural ventures.

Ex. Response to reading room theft should be carefully choreographed but decisive.

Ex. The case study found that children do have the ability to use a classification scheme that is keyed to their developmental level.

----

* dirigir el cotarro = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.

* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.

* dirigir información a = direct + information towards.

* dirigir interpretación musical = conduct.

* dirigir la atención = put + focus.

* dirigir la atención a = turn to, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).

* dirigir la mirada hacia = look toward(s).

* dirigir la palabra = be civil towards.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.

* dirigir + Posesivo + mirada = turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigirse = be headed, head, head out.

* dirigirse a = aim at, check with, turn over to, turn to, make + Posesivo + way to, set off to, turn to, head for, reach out to, head off for/to.

* dirigirse a Alguien = approach + Alguien.

* dirigirse amenazadoramente hacia = bear down on.

* dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigirse en multitud = beat + the path to.

* dirigirse hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to, start toward, move toward(s), be heading towards, head for, turn into.

* dirigirse hacia + Dirección = push + Dirección.

* dirigirse hacia el oeste = push + westward(s).

* dirigirse la palabra = on speaking terms.

* dirigirse rápidamente hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigir una crítica hacia = level + criticism at.

* dirigir una tesis = supervise + dissertation, supervise + thesis.

* dirigir un servicio = run + service.

* lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < empresa> to manage, run; <periódico/revista> to run, edit; <investigación/tesis> to supervise; < debate> to lead, chair

dirigir el tráfico — to direct o control the traffic

b) <obra/película> to direct

c) < orquesta> to conduct

2)

a)

dirigir algo a alguien — <mensaje/carta> to address something to somebody; < críticas> to direct something to somebody

el presidente dirigirá un mensaje a la nación — the president will address the nation

el folleto va dirigido a los padres — the booklet is aimed at parents

la pregunta iba dirigida a usted — the question was meant for you

no me dirigió la palabra — he didn't say a word to me

b)

dirigir algo hacia or a algo/alguien — < telescopio> to point something toward(s) something/somebody; < pistola> to point something toward(s) something/somebody

dirigir la mirada hacia or a algo/alguien — to look at something/somebody

le dirigió una mirada de reproche — she gave him a reproachful look

dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina — he walked toward(s) the corner

3) ( encaminar)

dirigir algo a + inf — < esfuerzos> to channel something into -ing; <energía/atención> to direct something toward(s) -ing

acciones dirigidas a aliviar el problema — measures aimed at alleviating the problem
2.
dirigirse v pron

1) ( encaminarse)

dirigirse hacia algo — to head for something

2)

dirigirse a alguien — ( oralmente) to speak o talk to somebody; ( por escrito) to write to somebody

me dirijo a Vd. para solicitarle... — (Corresp) I am writing to request...

* * *

= address, channel, direct, gear (to/toward(s)/for), lead, man, pitch, route, run, steer, head, signpost, give + direction, angle, rule over, lend + direction, shepherd, choreograph, key + Nombre + to.

Ex: More can be assumed in instructions addressed to the experienced information searcher than in instructions for the novice.

Ex: Users make suggestions for modifications and these are then channelled through a series of committees.

Ex: This statement directs the user to adopt a number more specific terms in preference to the general term.

Ex: Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: The responsibility for manning the one telephone left at the disposal of a residue of callers fell to a single officer who had other duties to carry out to justify his keep.

Ex: Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.

Ex: Requests which cannot be filled by local or regional libraries are automatically routed by the system to NLM as the library of last resort.

Ex: The service is run by Radio-Suisse and can be accessed via de PSS.

Ex: They decided that they had to set up information and referral services to steer people to the correct agency.

Ex: A stickler for details, sometimes to the point of compulsion, Edmonds was deemed a fortuitous choice to head the monumental reorganization process.

Ex: There is a need for a firststop organization that could signpost the public through the maze of government agencies and social welfare organizations.

Ex: To give direction to these physical resources, there are objectives for the project and a framework timetable.

Ex: This publication seems to find particular favour in law firms, possibly because of its currency and the way it is angled towards the commercial world.

Ex: From the impressive library of his mansion home on Beacon Hill, Ticknor ruled over Boston's intellectual life and was looked to as the leading arbiter of intellectual and social life in that great city.

Ex: Policies are guidelines that lend direction to planning and decision-making.

Ex: He showed the ability of a single mind to shepherd cultural ventures.

Ex: Response to reading room theft should be carefully choreographed but decisive.

Ex: The case study found that children do have the ability to use a classification scheme that is keyed to their developmental level.

* dirigir el cotarro = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.

* dirigir el esfuerzo = direct + effort, direct + energy.

* dirigir información a = direct + information towards.

* dirigir interpretación musical = conduct.

* dirigir la atención = put + focus.

* dirigir la atención a = turn to, direct + Posesivo + attention to(ward).

* dirigir la mirada hacia = look toward(s).

* dirigir la palabra = be civil towards.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención = turn + Posesivo + attention, turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigir + Posesivo + atención a un problema = turn + Posesivo + attention to problem.

* dirigir + Posesivo + mirada = turn + Posesivo + thoughts.

* dirigirse = be headed, head, head out.

* dirigirse a = aim at, check with, turn over to, turn to, make + Posesivo + way to, set off to, turn to, head for, reach out to, head off for/to.

* dirigirse a Alguien = approach + Alguien.

* dirigirse amenazadoramente hacia = bear down on.

* dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigirse en multitud = beat + the path to.

* dirigirse hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to, start toward, move toward(s), be heading towards, head for, turn into.

* dirigirse hacia + Dirección = push + Dirección.

* dirigirse hacia el oeste = push + westward(s).

* dirigirse la palabra = on speaking terms.

* dirigirse rápidamente hacia = make + haste towards.

* dirigir una crítica hacia = level + criticism at.

* dirigir una tesis = supervise + dissertation, supervise + thesis.

* dirigir un servicio = run + service.

* lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.

* * *

dirigir [I7 ]

vt

A

1 ‹empresa› to manage, run; ‹periódico/revista› to run, edit; ‹investigación/tesis› to supervise; ‹debate› to lead, chair

dirigió la operación de rescate he led o directed the rescue operation

dirigir el tráfico to direct o control the traffic

2 ‹obra/película› to direct

3 ‹orquesta› to conduct

B

1 ‹mensaje/carta› dirigir algo A algn to address sth TO sb

esta noche el presidente dirigirá un mensaje a la nación the president will address the nation tonight

la carta venía dirigida a mí the letter was addressed to me

dirigió unas palabras de bienvenida a los congresistas he addressed a few words of welcome to the delegates

las críticas iban dirigidas a los organizadores the criticisms were directed at the organizers

el folleto va dirigido a padres y educadores the booklet is aimed at parents and teachers

la pregunta iba dirigida a usted the question was meant for you, I asked you the question

no me dirigió la palabra he didn't say a word to me

2 ‹mirada/pasos/telescopio›

dirigió la mirada hacia el horizonte he looked toward(s) the horizon, he turned his eyes o his gaze toward(s) the horizon

le dirigió una mirada de reproche she looked at him reproachfully, she gave him a reproachful look

dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina he walked toward(s) the corner

dirigió el telescopio hacia la luna he pointed the telescope toward(s) the moon

C (encaminar) ‹esfuerzos/acciones› dirigir algo A + INF:

acciones dirigidas a aliviar el problema measures aimed at alleviating o measures designed to alleviate the problem

dirigiremos todos nuestros esfuerzos a lograr un acuerdo we shall channel all our efforts into o direct all our efforts toward(s) reaching an agreement

■ dirigirse

v pron

A

(ir): nos dirigíamos al aeropuerto we were heading for o we were going to o we were on our way to the airport

se dirigió a su despacho con paso decidido he strode purposefully toward(s) his office

se dirigían hacia la frontera they were making o heading for the border

el buque se dirigía hacia la costa the ship was heading for o toward(s) the coast

B dirigirse A algn (oralmente) to speak o talk TO sb, address sb ( frml) (por escrito) to write TO sb

¿se dirige a mí? are you talking o speaking to me?

me dirijo a Vd. para solicitarle … ( Corresp) I am writing to request …

para más información diríjase a … for more information please write to o contact …

* * *

dirigir ( conjugate dirigir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹ empresa› to manage, run;

‹periódico/revista› to run, edit;
‹investigación/tesis› to supervise;
‹ debate› to lead, chair;
‹ tráfico› to direct
b) ‹obra/película› to direct;

‹ orquesta› to conduct
2
a) dirigir algo a algn ‹mensaje/carta› to address sth to sb;

‹ críticas› to direct sth to sb;
◊ la pregunta iba dirigida a usted the question was meant for you;

no me dirigió la palabra he didn't say a word to me
b) dirigir algo hacia or a algo/algn ‹ telescopio› to point sth toward(s) sth/sb;

‹ pistola› to point sth toward(s) sth/sb;
dirigir la mirada hacia or a algo/algn to look at sth/sb;
◊ dirigió sus pasos hacia la esquina he walked toward(s) the corner

3 ( encaminar) dirigir algo a hacer algo ‹ esfuerzos› to channel sth into doing sth;
‹energía/atención› to direct sth toward(s) doing sth
dirigirse verbo pronominal
1 ( encaminarse): dirigirse hacia algo to head for sth
2 dirigirse a algn ( oralmente) to speak o talk to sb;
( por escrito) to write to sb
dirigir verbo transitivo
1 (estar al mando de) to direct
(una empresa) to manage
(un negocio, una escuela) to run
(un sindicato, partido) to lead
(un periódico) to edit
2 (una orquesta) to conduct
(una película) to direct
3 (hacer llegar unas palabras, un escrito) to address
(una mirada) to give
4 (encaminar, poner en una dirección) to direct, steer: dirigió el coche hacia la salida, he drove his car to the exit
dirigió la mirada hacia la caja fuerte, she looked towards the strongbox
dirigió sus pasos hacia el bosque, he made his way towards the wood
' dirigir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cruzar
- derivar
- destinar
- enchufar
- enfilar
- mandar
- manejar
- manipular
- orquestar
- palabra
- conducir
English:
address
- aim
- bend
- conduct
- control
- direct
- guide
- lead
- level
- manage
- mastermind
- operate
- pitch
- run
- shine
- spearhead
- steer
- turn
- edit
- head
- produce
- target

* * *

dirigir

♦ vt

1. [conducir] [coche, barco] to steer;
[avión] to pilot;
el canal dirige el agua hacia el interior de la región the canal channels the water towards the interior of the region

2. [estar al cargo de] [empresa, hotel, hospital] to manage;
[colegio, cárcel, periódico] to run; [partido, revuelta] to lead; [expedición] to head, to lead; [investigación] to supervise;
dirige mi tesis, me dirige la tesis he's supervising my thesis, he's my PhD supervisor o US advisor

3. [película, obra de teatro] to direct;
[orquesta] to conduct
4. [apuntar]
dirigió la mirada hacia la puerta he looked towards the door;

dirige el telescopio al norte point the telescope towards the north;

dirigió sus acusaciones a las autoridades her accusations were aimed at the authorities

5. [dedicar, encaminar]
nos dirigían miradas de lástima they were giving us pitying looks, they were looking at us pityingly;

dirigir unas palabras a alguien to speak to sb, to address sb;

dirige sus esfuerzos a incrementar los beneficios she is directing her efforts towards increasing profits, her efforts are aimed at increasing profits;

dirigen su iniciativa a conseguir la liberación del secuestrado the aim of their initiative is to secure the release of the prisoner;

dirigió sus pasos hacia la casa he headed towards the house;

no me dirigen la palabra they don't speak to me;

un programa dirigido a los amantes de la música clásica a programme (intended) for lovers of classical music;

consejos dirigidos a los jóvenes advice aimed at the young

6. [carta, paquete] to address

7. [guiar] [persona] to guide

♦ See also the pronominal verb dirigirse

* * *

dirigir

v/t

1 TEA, película direct; MÚS conduct

2 COM manage, run

3

:

dirigir una carta a address a letter to;

dirigir una pregunta a direct a question to

4 ( conducir) lead

* * *

dirigir {35} vt

1) : to direct, to lead

2) : to address

3) : to aim, to point

4) : to conduct (music)

♦ See also the reflexive verb dirigirse

* * *

dirigir vb

1. (película, tráfico) to direct

James Cameron dirigió "Titanic" James Cameron directed "Titanic"

2. (empresa, equipo) to manage

¿quién dirige la selección española? who manages the Spanish national team?

3. (negocio, organización, sistema) to run [pt. ran; pp. run]

el gobierno dirige el país the government runs the country

4. (expedición, investigación, partido) to lead [pt. & pp. led]

el inspector que dirige la investigación the inspector who is leading the investigation

5. (libro, medida) to aim / to direct

el libro está dirigido a un público joven the book is aimed at young readers

6. (carta, palabras) to address

dirigió sus comentarios a todos los jóvenes presentes she addressed her comments to all the young people who were there

7. (orquesta) to conduct

no dirigir la palabra a alguien not to speak to somebody

Spanish-English dictionary > dirigir
9 encaminar

v.

1 to direct (persona, pasos).

estar encaminado a hacer algo to be aimed at doing something (medidas, actividades)

2 to lead, to guide, to show the way, to put on the right road.

* * *

encaminar

► verbo transitivo

1 (guiar, orientar) to direct, guide, set on the right road, put on the right road

► verbo pronominal encaminarse

1 (dirigirse) to head (a, for) ( hacia, towards)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

encaminar esfuerzos a to concentrate one's efforts on

estar bien encaminado,-a to be on the right track

estar encaminado,-a hacia... to be heading for..., be set for...

* * *

verb

to direct

- encaminarse hacia

* * *

1. VT

1) (=orientar) [+ plan, esfuerzo] to direct; [+ alumno, hijo] to guide, direct

el proyecto está encaminado a ayudarles — the plan is designed to help them, the plan is aimed at helping them

aquel maestro lo encaminó en sus estudios — that teacher guided o directed him in his studies

2) (=dirigir) to direct

una señora me encaminó hacia la autopista — a lady directed me towards the motorway

encaminó sus pasos hacia el monasterio — liter he turned his steps towards the monastery liter

2.

See:

encaminarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <intereses/esfuerzos> to direct, channel

encaminaron sus esfuerzos a... — they channeled their efforts into...

b) <estudiante/niño> to point... in the right direction
2.
encaminarse v pron (liter)

encaminarse hacia algo

a) persona ( dirigirse a) to head for/toward(s) something; ( emprender el camino) to set off for/toward(s) something

b) esfuerzos to be aimed at something, be directed toward(s) something

* * *

----

* encaminado hacia = set on.

* encaminar a Alguien = set + Nombre + on course.

* encaminarse a = head for, head off for/to.

* encaminarse hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to, be heading towards, head for.

* encaminarse hacia el oeste = push + westward(s).

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <intereses/esfuerzos> to direct, channel

encaminaron sus esfuerzos a... — they channeled their efforts into...

b) <estudiante/niño> to point... in the right direction
2.
encaminarse v pron (liter)

encaminarse hacia algo

a) persona ( dirigirse a) to head for/toward(s) something; ( emprender el camino) to set off for/toward(s) something

b) esfuerzos to be aimed at something, be directed toward(s) something

* * *

* encaminado hacia = set on.

* encaminar a Alguien = set + Nombre + on course.

* encaminarse a = head for, head off for/to.

* encaminarse hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to, be heading towards, head for.

* encaminarse hacia el oeste = push + westward(s).

* * *

encaminar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹intereses/esfuerzos› to direct, channel

encaminaron todos sus esfuerzos a la búsqueda de supervivientes they channeled all of their efforts into the search for survivors

debemos encaminar nuestros pasos hacia otras metas we must aim toward(s) o pursue other goals

un proyecto hacia el cual ha encaminado todas sus ilusiones a project he has set his sights on

2 ‹estudiante/niño› to point … in the right direction

■ encaminarse

v pron

( liter)

1 (hacia un lugar) encaminarse HACIA algo to head FOR/ TOWARD(S) sth, set off FOR/ TOWARD(S) sth

2 «esfuerzos/capacidad»: encaminarse HACIA algo; to be aimed AT sth, be directed TOWARD(S) sth

sus esfuerzos se encaminan hacia la posibilidad de … their efforts are aimed at o directed toward(s) the possibility of …

encaminarse A + INF to be directed TOWARD(S) -ING, be aimed AT -ING

la investigación se encamina a encontrar una vacuna the research is directed toward(s) o aimed at finding a vaccine

* * *

encaminar ( conjugate encaminar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹intereses/esfuerzos› to direct, channel

b) ‹estudiante/niño› to point … in the right direction

encaminarse verbo pronominal (liter) encaminarse hacia algo
a) [ persona] ( dirigirse a) to head for/toward(s) sth;

( emprender el camino) to set off for/toward(s) sth
b) [ esfuerzos] to be aimed at sth, be directed toward(s) sth

encaminar verbo transitivo to direct
' encaminar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dirigir
- orientar

* * *

encaminar

♦ vt

1. [dirigir] [persona] to direct, to guide;
[esfuerzos, intereses, estudios] to direct, to channel;
encaminaron sus pasos hacia el castillo they made for the castle;

por esa senda vas mal encaminado you're going the wrong way if you take that path;

sigue preguntando, que vas bien encaminado keep asking, you're on the right track;

encaminó todos sus esfuerzos a lograr la paz he directed o channelled all his efforts towards achieving peace;

han encaminado muy bien las negociaciones the negotiations have been well-conducted;

supo encaminar su carrera deportiva she made the right choices in her sporting career;

la tesis va bien/mal encaminada the thesis is going well/badly

2. [medidas, leyes, actividades] to aim;

estar encaminado a hacer algo [medidas, actividades] to be aimed at doing sth;

esta emisora está encaminada a un público más joven this radio station is aimed at a younger audience;

investigaciones encaminadas a esclarecer los hechos investigations aimed at clarifying the facts

♦ See also the pronominal verb encaminarse

* * *

encaminar

v/t direct

* * *

encaminar vt

1) : to direct, to channel

2) : to head in the right direction

♦ See also the reflexive verb encaminarse

Spanish-English dictionary > encaminar
10 orientar

v.

1 to direct.

mi ventana está orientada hacia el sur my window faces south o is south-facing

2 to give advice or guidance to.

3 to guide, to direct, to show the way, to give a direction.

* * *

orientar

► verbo transitivo

1 (casa) to face; (antena, barco) to point; (velas) to trim

■ la casa está orientada al mar the house faces the sea

■ orientaron la barca hacia la costa they pointed the boat towards the coast

2 (esfuerzos, investigaciones) to direct

3 (guiar) to guide; (aconsejar) to advise

■ el examen nos orientó de cómo ibamos the exam gave us an idea of how we were getting on

► verbo pronominal orientarse

1 to find one's bearings

■ nos orientamos por las estrellas we were guided by the stars

■ yo me oriento muy mal I have an appalling sense of direction

■ todavía no me he orientado en este trabajo I haven't learnt the ropes yet

* * *

verb

1) to guide

2) orient

* * *

1. VT

1) (=situar)

orientar algo hacia o a algo — to position sth to face sth

orientaron la parabólica hacia el norte — they positioned the satellite dish to face north, they put the satellite dish facing north

la casa está orientada hacia el suroeste — the house faces south-west, the house looks south-west

2) (=enfocar) to direct

tenemos que orientar nuestros esfuerzos hacia un aumento de la productividad — we must direct our efforts towards improving productivity

hay que orientar las investigaciones en otro sentido — we shall have to follow a different path of enquiry

cómics orientados a un público adulto — comics oriented o targeted at adult readers

3) (=guiar) to guide

me ha orientado en la materia — he has guided me through the subject, he has given me guidance about the subject

4) (Náut) [+ vela] to trim

2.

See:

orientarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < reflector> to position

oriente la antena hacia el este — position/turn the antenna (AmE) o (BrE) aerial to face east

orientó el avión hacia el sur — he headed the plane south

b) < edificio>

la casa está orientada al sur — the house faces south (frml)

c) (Náut) < velas> to trim

2) ( encaminar)

orienté mis esfuerzos hacia... — I directed my efforts toward...

una política orientada a combatir la inflación — a policy designed to fight inflation o directed at fighting inflation

3) < personas> faro/estrellas to guide; profesor/amigo to advise

orientar a los jóvenes en algo — to give young people guidance on something
2.
orientarse v pron

1) ( ubicarse) to get one's bearings, orient oneself

orientarse por las estrellas — (Náut) to steer by the stars

2)

a) ( girar)

plantas que se orientan hacia el sol — plants that turn toward(s) the sun

b) ( inclinarse)

mis hijos se orientaron hacia las ciencias — my sons went in for o opted for science

c) ( informarse) to get information

* * *

= gear (to/toward(s)/for), orient, orientate, give + advice on, guide, give + direction, angle, lend + direction, put + Nombre + on the right track, point + Nombre + in the right direction.

Ex. Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.

Ex. Supermarket hosts have their own specialised, and often unique command languages, and have been oriented to specialist searchers.

Ex. In this category the majority of programmes were found to be orientated towards information systems for business and management.

Ex. She also gives valuable advice on distinguishing between the Lost Sheep and Confidence Personified.

Ex. You can press F2 key at this point to take advantage of menus that will guide you through Command Search.

Ex. To give direction to these physical resources, there are objectives for the project and a framework timetable.

Ex. This publication seems to find particular favour in law firms, possibly because of its currency and the way it is angled towards the commercial world.

Ex. Policies are guidelines that lend direction to planning and decision-making.

Ex. The most natural way out is to ask the enquirer: usually he will know, or at least will be able to put the librarian on the right track.

Ex. These metaphors point us in the right direction and set us off on a discussion of fiction as a symbolic structure that is to life what metaphors are to reality.

----

* encargado de orientar al lector = readers' adviser.

* orientarse = get + Posesivo + bearings.

* orientar un servicio hacia = target + service.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) < reflector> to position

oriente la antena hacia el este — position/turn the antenna (AmE) o (BrE) aerial to face east

orientó el avión hacia el sur — he headed the plane south

b) < edificio>

la casa está orientada al sur — the house faces south (frml)

c) (Náut) < velas> to trim

2) ( encaminar)

orienté mis esfuerzos hacia... — I directed my efforts toward...

una política orientada a combatir la inflación — a policy designed to fight inflation o directed at fighting inflation

3) < personas> faro/estrellas to guide; profesor/amigo to advise

orientar a los jóvenes en algo — to give young people guidance on something
2.
orientarse v pron

1) ( ubicarse) to get one's bearings, orient oneself

orientarse por las estrellas — (Náut) to steer by the stars

2)

a) ( girar)

plantas que se orientan hacia el sol — plants that turn toward(s) the sun

b) ( inclinarse)

mis hijos se orientaron hacia las ciencias — my sons went in for o opted for science

c) ( informarse) to get information

* * *

= gear (to/toward(s)/for), orient, orientate, give + advice on, guide, give + direction, angle, lend + direction, put + Nombre + on the right track, point + Nombre + in the right direction.

Ex: Most of the main subject headings lists are geared to the alphabetical subject approach found in dictionary catalogues.

Ex: Supermarket hosts have their own specialised, and often unique command languages, and have been oriented to specialist searchers.

Ex: In this category the majority of programmes were found to be orientated towards information systems for business and management.

Ex: She also gives valuable advice on distinguishing between the Lost Sheep and Confidence Personified.

Ex: You can press F2 key at this point to take advantage of menus that will guide you through Command Search.

Ex: To give direction to these physical resources, there are objectives for the project and a framework timetable.

Ex: This publication seems to find particular favour in law firms, possibly because of its currency and the way it is angled towards the commercial world.

Ex: Policies are guidelines that lend direction to planning and decision-making.

Ex: The most natural way out is to ask the enquirer: usually he will know, or at least will be able to put the librarian on the right track.

Ex: These metaphors point us in the right direction and set us off on a discussion of fiction as a symbolic structure that is to life what metaphors are to reality.

* encargado de orientar al lector = readers' adviser.

* orientarse = get + Posesivo + bearings.

* orientar un servicio hacia = target + service.

* * *

orientar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹antena/reflector› orientar algo HACIA/A algo:

oriente la antena al este or hacia el este position/turn the antenna ( AmE) o ( BrE) aerial to face east

orientó el avión hacia el sur he headed the plane south

2 ‹edificio›

decidieron orientarlo hacia el sur they decided to build it facing south

la casa está orientada al sur or hacia el sur the house faces south o is south-facing, the house has a southern aspect ( frml)

3 ( Náut) ‹velas› to trim

B

(encaminar): orientemos nuestros esfuerzos hacia la consecución de este objetivo let us direct our efforts toward the achievement of this goal

una política orientada a combatir la inflación a policy designed to fight inflation o directed at fighting inflation

C (guiar) ‹persona›

1 «faro/estrellas» to guide

2 «profesor/amigo» to advise

orientar a los jóvenes en la elección de una carrera to give young people guidance on their choice of a career

■ orientarse

v pron

A (ubicarse) to get one's bearings, orient oneself, orientate oneself ( BrE); (no perderse) to find one's way around

los antiguos navegantes se orientaban por las estrellas in ancient times sailors steered by the stars

B

1

(girar): plantas que se orientan hacia el sol plantas that turn toward(s) the sun

2

(inclinarse): las tres hermanas se orientaron hacia las ciencias the three sisters went in for o opted for science

3 ( caus) (informarse) to get information

* * *

orientar ( conjugate orientar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹reflector/antena› to position;

◊ la casa está orientada al sur the house faces south (frml)

b) (Náut) ‹ velas› to trim

2 ( encaminar) ‹esfuerzos/política› to direct
3 ‹ persona›
a) [faro/estrellas] to guide

b) ( aconsejar) to advise;

( mostrar el camino):
◊ una mujer nos orientó a woman told us the way

orientarse verbo pronominal ( ubicarse) to get one's bearings, orient oneself;
◊ orientarse por las estrellas (Náut) to steer by the stars

orientar verbo transitivo
1 (un objeto) to position: compraron un terreno orientado al norte, they bought a piece of land facing north
2 (a una persona) to advise, guide
3 (indicar camino) to give directions
4 (actitud, acción, etc, hacia un fin determinado) to direct, aim
una campaña publicitaria orientada hacia los jóvenes, an advertising campaign aimed at young people

' orientar' also found in these entries:
English:
orient
- orientate
- trim
- gear

* * *

orientar

♦ vt

1. [dar una posición] to direct;

hay que orientar el foco hacia abajo the spotlight needs to be pointed downwards;

orientó la popa hacia el este he pointed the stern eastwards;

mi ventana está orientada hacia el sur my window faces south o is south-facing

2. [indicar una dirección] to guide;

un lugareño les orientó a local pointed them in the right direction

3. [aconsejar] to give advice o guidance to;

necesito que me orienten sobre el mejor modelo I need some advice about the best model

4. [enfocar]
orientar hacia to direct towards o at;

orientaron las medidas a reducir la inflación the measures were aimed at reducing inflation;

orientó sus investigaciones hacia la biogenética he focused his research on biogenetics

♦ See also the pronominal verb orientarse

* * *

orientar

v/t

1 ( aconsejar) advise

2

:

orientar algo hacia algo turn sth toward sth

* * *

orientar vt

1) : to orient, to position

2) : to guide, to direct

♦ See also the reflexive verb orientarse

* * *

orientar vb

1. (telescopio, antena) to point

2. (guiar a una persona) to direct / to guide

3. (aconsejar a una persona) to advise

Spanish-English dictionary > orientar
11 por

prep.

1 because of (causa).

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me

¿por qué? why?

¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?

¿por? (informal) why?

se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behavior

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love

2 (in order) to.

lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please you

lo hice por ella I did it for her

3 by (medio, modo, agente).

por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephone

estuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phone

por escrito in writing

lo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the arm

el récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete

4 through.

vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that way

iba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the street

pasar por la aduana to go through customs

5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).

lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very little

cambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbike

él lo hará por mí he'll do it for me

6 per.

80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents each

mil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per week

uno por uno one by one

20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour

7 for.

baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettes

a por for

vino a por las entradas she came for the tickets

8 times, multiplied by.

* * *

por

► preposición

1 (gen) for

■ lo hice por ti I did it for you

■ lo compré por dos euros I bought it for two euros

2 (a través de) through, by

■ entra por la puerta trasera come in by the back door

■ pasamos por Valladolid we went through Valladolid

■ iremos por la autopista we'll go on the motorway

3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up

■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...

■ subí por la Calle Jovellanos I went up Jovellanos Street

4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round

■ anda por el edificio he's somewhere in the building

■ está por la Plaza Mayor it's somewhere near the Plaza Mayor

■ está por aquí it's somewhere round here

5 (causa) because of

■ las plantas han muerto por el frío the plants have died because of the cold

■ suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia they cancelled the concert because of the rain

6 (tiempo) at, for

■ nos veremos por vacaciones I'll see you during the holidays

7 (medio) by

■ lo enviaré por avión I'll send it by air

■ está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone

■ llegó por correo it arrived by post

8 (autoría) by

■ fue escrito por Azorín it was written by Azorín

9 (distribución) per

■ cinco por ciento five per cent

■ tocamos a dieciocho euros por persona it works out at eighteen euros per person

■ iba a veinte kilómetros por hora it was going at twenty kilometres an hour

10 (tras) by

■ registraron la cárcel celda por celda they searched the prison cell by cell

■ les interrogó uno por uno he interrogated each one in turn

11 (con pasiva) by

■ fue comprado por la reina it was bought by the queen

12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of

■ estoy por una amnistía general I'm in favour of a general amnesty

13 (en calidad de) as

■ la tomó por esposa he took her as his wife

14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of

■ ve tú por mi you go in my place

15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by

■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve

16 por adjective que no matter how adjective

■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it

■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar por + inf (a punto de) to be on the point of + - ing

estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yet

por aquí around here

por lo tanto therefore

por lo visto apparently

por más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mí as far as I am concerned

¿por qué? why?

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore, so

* * *

prep.

1) for

2) during

3) by

4) through

5) along

6) around

7) per

8) from

9) because of

10) instead of

•

- ¿por qué?

- por si acaso

* * *

PREPOSICIÓN

1) [causa]

a) + sustantivo because of

tuvo que suspenderse por el mal tiempo — it had to be cancelled because of the weather

no se realizó por escasez de fondos — it didn't go ahead because of a shortage of funding

• nos encontramos por casualidad — we met by chance

• lo hago por gusto — I do it because I like to

• fue por necesidad — it was out of necessity

• por temor a — for fear of

no se lo dijo por temor a ofenderla — he didn't tell her for fear of offending her

b) + infin

no aprobó por no haber estudiado — he didn't pass because he hadn't studied

por venir tarde se perdió la mitad — because he arrived late he missed half of it

me castigaron por mentir — I was punished for lying

c) + adj

le expulsaron por revoltoso — they expelled him for being a troublemaker

lo dejó por imposible — he gave it up as (being) impossible

esto te pasa por tonto — this is what you get for being stupid

2) [objetivo]

a) + sustantivo for

trabajar por dinero — to work for money

daría lo que fuera por un poco de tranquilidad — I'd give anything for a bit of peace and quiet

brindemos por nuestro futuro — let's drink to our future

b) + infin

lo hizo por complacerle — he did it to please her

por no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late

hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of talking

3) (=en favor, defensa de) for

lo hice por mis padres — I did it for my parents

hazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake

luchar por la patria — to fight for one's country

4) [elección]

su amor por la pintura — his love of painting

está loca por ti — she's crazy about you

no sabía por cuál decidirme — I couldn't decide which to choose

5) [evidencia] judging by, judging from

por lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say

por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it

por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it

6) [medio]

por su propia mano — by his own hand

lo obtuve por un amigo — I got it through a friend

la conozco por mi hermano — I know her through my brother

• por correo — by post

• por mar — by sea

• hablar por señas — to use sign language

7) [agente] by

hecho por él — done by him

"dirigido por" — "directed by"

fueron apresados por la policía — they were captured by the police

8) [modo] by

me agarró por el brazo — he grabbed me by the arm

punto por punto — point by point

buscaron casa por casa — they searched house by house

están dispuestos por tamaños — they are arranged according to size o by size

• por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

9) [lugar]

se va por ahí — it's that way

¿por dónde? — which way?

ir a Bilbao por Santander — to go to Bilbao via Santander

cruzar la frontera por Canfranc — to cross the border at Canfranc

pasar por Madrid — to go through Madrid

se asomaron por la ventana — they leaned out of the window

iban cantando por la calle — they were walking along the street singing

paseábamos por la playa — we were walking along the beach

por todas partes — everywhere

por todo el país — throughout the country

viajar por el mundo — to travel (around) the world

10) [aproximación]

busca por ahí — look over there

viven por esta zona — they live around here

por aquí cerca — near o around here

aquello ocurrió por abril — it happened around April

por la feria — round about o around carnival time

está por el norte — it's somewhere up north

11) [tiempo]

se levanta por la mañana temprano — she gets up early in the morning

por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning

no sale por la noche — he doesn't go out at night

12) [duración] for

será por poco tiempo — it won't be for long

se quedarán por 15 días — they will stay for a fortnight

13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead of

te doy este por aquel — I'll swap you this one for that one

le dieron uno nuevo por el viejo — they gave him a new one (in exchange) for the old one

lo vendí por 15 dólares — I sold it for 15 dollars

me dieron 13 francos por una libra — I got 13 francs to the pound

hoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place

ha puesto B por V — he has put B instead of V

14) [representación]

hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone

interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb

diputado por Madrid — a member of parliament for Madrid

vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss

15) [distribución]

10 dólares por hora — 10 dollars an hour

80km por hora — 80km per o an hour

revoluciones por minuto — revolutions per minute

tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person

16) [en multiplicaciones]

cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen

mide 6 metros de alto por 4 de ancho — it is 6 metres high by 4 wide

17) (=en cuanto a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned

por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go

por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating

si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working

18) (=como)

• tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife

• le dan por muerto — they have given him up for dead

• le tienen por tonto — they think he's stupid

19) [concesión]
+ subjun
por (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be

por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to

por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might

20) [acción inacabada]
+ infin
quedan platos por lavar — there are still some dishes to do

aún me quedan tres páginas por traducir — I still have three pages left to translate

21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sb

ha ido (a) por vino — she's gone to get some wine

voy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor

voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

¡a por ellos! — get them!

- ir a por todas

22) [en preguntas]
por qué why
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go
¿por? * why (do you ask)?
* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

----

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

por

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

Sentido I

A en relaciones causales

B según

C ¿por qué?

D en locuciones

E en expresiones concesivas

F

1 en expresiones de modo

2 indicando el medio

3 Educación

G

1 en relaciones de proporción

2 en multiplicaciones

H

1 en relaciones de sustitución etc

2 por ejemplo

I como

Sentido II

A al expresar finalidad, objetivo

B indicando consideración, favor

C indicando inclinación, elección

D en busca de

E en lo que respecta a

F indicando una situación pendiente

G estar por

Sentido III

A indicando lugar de acceso, salida

B

expresando lugar indeterminado

C expresando lugar determinado

D indicando extensión

Sentido IV

A expresando tiempo aproximado

B indicando una ocasión

C durante

prep

Sentido I

A (en relaciones causales) because of

he puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the cat

nunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing her

eso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gullible

lo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to him

ella es así por naturaleza she's like that by nature

lo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessity

no se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of money

el final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sad

por su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein content

tanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical design

fue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call you

precisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anything

la muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)

éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the color

fue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performance

por + INF for -ING

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

eso

B (según) from

por lo que he oído from what I've heard

por lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming back

por mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …

C ( fam):

¿por? why?

¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?

D ( en locuciones):

por qué why

¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?

¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?

por si in case

llévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stay

acaso, mosca² (↑ mosca (2))

E (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:

por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right

(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do it

F

1

(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by size

colóquense por orden de altura line up in order of height

por adelantado in advance

por escrito in writing

2

(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio

lo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/sea

por carretera by road

la conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend

conocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancho

lo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way

3 ( Educación):

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

un graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of Granada

G

1

(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide

ya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for today

los hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a time

examinar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point

ciento² (↑ ciento (2))

2 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

H

1

(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your place

por toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulders

tú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

te dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old ones

es senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands

2

(como): por ejemplo for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

I (introduciendo el agente) by

un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous people

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden storm

la ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workers

ver tb parte² f B. (↑ parte (2))

Sentido II

A

(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the ball

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own good

por + INF:

daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happy

no entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por QUE + SUBJ here por que can also be written porque:

estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him

recemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreement

siguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be done

B

(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for you

intercede por nosotros intercede for us

por mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sake

C

(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of music

demostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the painting

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir I chose not to go

votó por ella he voted for her

¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?

se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortion

estar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sb

D

(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

E

(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mind

que haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …

F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:

tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be made

ver² vt C 1. (↑ ver (2))

G

( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

A

(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the window

sal por aquí go out this way

el acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Street

el piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the door

se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer route

no vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost

¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

B

(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?

viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my area

hace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?

C

(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut here

voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle

D

(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for it

la epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) country

estuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of France

fuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beach

pasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipe

ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera¹ adv A 1. (↑ fuera (1)), encima, por etc

Sentido IV

A

(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that time

por aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelo

sucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960

B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthday

por Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for Easter

C (durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos for ever and ever

no se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minute

puede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now

ver tb mañana³ (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), noche

* * *

por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;
◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;

por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
◊ por qué why;

no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):
◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;

por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4
a) ( modo):

◊ colócalos por orden de tamaño put them in order of size;

por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writing
b) ( medio):

◊ se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone;

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5
a) ( proporción):

◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino b
b) ( en multiplicaciones):

◊ tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

6
a) ( sustitución) for;

◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;

pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwoman
b) ( como):

◊ por ejemplo for example

7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
◊ compuesto por Mozart composed by Mozart

1 (finalidad, objetivo):
◊ pelearse por algo to fight over sth;

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
◊ su amor por la música her love of music;

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):
◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
◊ está por terminar he's about to finish;

deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1
a) ( lugar):

◊ entró por la ventana he came in through the window;

sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
b) ( indicando extensión): por todos lados or por todas partes everywhere;

◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;

ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
◊ por un mes for a month;

por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
◊ me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños she gave it to me for my birthday

por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate

* * *

por prep

1. [indica causa] because of;

llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;

me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;

miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;

accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;

muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;

no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;

cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;
Esp
fue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;

eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;

la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;

¿por qué? why?;

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;

¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;
Fam
¿por? why?;

por si in case;

por si se te olvida in case you forget

2. [indica indicio]
por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;

por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;

por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently

3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;

* * *

por

prp

1 motivo for, because of;

lo hace por mí he does it for me;

lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;

luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;

por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;

vino por verme he came to see me

2 medio by;

por avión by air;

por correo by mail, Br

tb by post

3 tiempo

:

por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;

por la mañana in the morning;

por Navidad around Christmas

4 movimiento

:

por la calle down the street;

por un tunel through a tunnel;

por aquí this way

5 posición aproximada around, about;

está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);

vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town

6 cambio

:

por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;

por cabeza each, a head

7 otros usos

:

por hora an o per hour;

dos por dos two times two;

¿por qué? why?;

el motivo por el cual o

por el que … the reason why …;

esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;

tomar por esposa marry;

por difícil que sea however difficult it might be

* * *

por prep

1) : for, during

se quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the week

por el momento: for now, at the moment

2) : around, during

por noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snow

por la mañana: in the morning

3) : around (a place)

debe estar por allí: it must be over there

por todas partes: everywhere

4) : by, through, along

por la puerta: through the door

pasé por tu casa: I stopped by your house

por la costa: along the coast

5) : for, for the sake of

lo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother

¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!

6) : because of, on account of

llegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the traffic

dejar por imposible: to give up as impossible

7) : per

60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hour

por docena: by the dozen

8) : for, in exchange for, instead of

su hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf

9) : by means of

hablar por teléfono: to talk on the phone

por escrito: in writing

10) : as for

por mí: as far as I'm concerned

11) : times

tres por dos son seis: three times two is six

12) según: from, according to

por lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me

13) : as, for

por ejemplo: for example

14) : by

hecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmother

por correo: by mail

15) : for, in order to

lucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respect

16)

estar por : to be about to

17)

por ciento : percent

18)

por favor : please

19)

por lo tanto : therefore, consequently

20)

¿por qué? : why?

21)

por que porque

22)

por... que : no matter how

por mucho que intente: no matter how hard I try

23)

por si or

por si acaso : just in case

* * *

por prep

1. (a través de) through

entra por la puerta de la derecha go in through the door on the right

por el bosque through the wood

2. (la calle) along / down

iba por la calle I was walking down the street

3. (indica camino) via / by

fuimos por la carretera comarcal we went by the B road

4. (indica una parte concreta) by

sujeta la cacerola por el asa hold the saucepan by its handle

5. (indica el tiempo)

por la mañana in the morning

por Navidades at Christmas

por la noche at night

por unos días for a few days

6. (a causa de) because of

suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia the concert was cancelled because of the rain

7. (a fin de) to / in order to

por complacer al padre in order to please her father

8. (indica el autor) by

el cuadro fue pintado por Picasso the picture was painted by Picasso

9. (en favor o defensa de) for

haría cualquier cosa por su hijo she'd do anything for her son

es por tu propio bien it's for your own good

10. (multiplicado) times

cuatro por cuatro son dieciséis four times four is sixteen

11. (a cambio de) for

lo compré por cien pesetas I bought it for a hundred pesetas

te doy este libro por esos sellos I'll give you this book for those stamps

12. (en vez de) instead of

ya jugaré yo por Jaime I'll play instead of Jaime

13. (indica que una acción todavía no está hecha)

las camas están por hacer the beds still have to be made

ir por / ir a por to fetch

¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!

por + adjetivo however + adjective

por barato que parezca however cheap it may seem

por mucho que te quejes however much you complain

por aquí (cerca) near here (indicando camino) this way

por ciento per cent

por correo by post

por fin at last

por la fuerza by force

por lo general generally / usually

por lo menos at least

por mí as far as I'm concerned

por si... in case...

por sorpresa by surprise

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore

por teléfono on the telephone

¿por qué? why?

Spanish-English dictionary > por
12 direct

1. transitive verb
1) (turn) richten (to[wards] auf + Akk.)

direct somebody's attention to something — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas (Akk.) lenken

the remark was directed at you — die Bemerkung galt dir

the bomb/missile was directed at — die Bombe/das Geschoss galt (+ Dat.)

direct somebody to a place — jemandem den Weg zu einem Ort weisen od. sagen

2) (control) leiten; beaufsichtigen [Arbeitskräfte, Arbeitsablauf]; regeln, dirigieren [Verkehr]

3) (order) anweisen

direct somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen, etwas zu tun

as directed [by the doctor] — wie [vom Arzt] verordnet

4) (Theatre, Cinemat., Telev., Radio) Regie führen bei
2. adjective
1) direkt; durchgehend [Zug]; unmittelbar [Ursache, Gefahr, Auswirkung]; (immediate) unmittelbar, persönlich [Erfahrung, Verantwortung, Beteiligung]

2) (diametrical) genau [Gegenteil]; direkt [Widerspruch]; diametral [Gegensatz]

3) (frank) direkt; offen; glatt [Absage]
3. adverb
direkt

* * *
[di'rekt] 1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?)

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) direkt

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) unmittelbar

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) gerade

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) unmittelbar
2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) lenken

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) den Weg zeigen

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) befehlen

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) leiten

•

- academic.ru/20671/direction">direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory
* * *

di·rect

[dɪˈrekt]

I. adj

1. (without interruption) direkt

\direct flight Direktflug m

a \direct train ein durchgehender Zug; (without detour)

\direct route kürzester Weg

2. (without intervention) unmittelbar, direkt

\direct link Direktverbindung f

\direct negotiations Direktverhandlungen pl

3. (frank) offen, direkt

I'll be \direct with you... wenn ich ehrlich bin,...

\direct manner direkte Art

\direct question direkte [o unverblümte] Frage

4. (lineal) direkt

she is a \direct descendant of Queen Victoria sie stammt in direkter Linie von Königin Victoria ab

5. (exact) genau, glatt fam

the \direct opposite of sth das genaue [o komplette] Gegenteil von etw dat

6. ASTRON rechtläufig

7. LAW

\direct evidence unmittelbarer Beweis

\direct examination Befragung f eines Zeugen durch die benennende Partei

II. adv

1. (with no intermediary) direkt

to dial \direct selbst wählen, durchwählen

2. (via direct route) direkt, geradewegs

this train goes \direct to Rome dieser Zug fährt ohne Halt bis nach Rom durch

to fly \direct to a city ohne Zwischenlandung nach einer Stadt fliegen

III. vt

1. (control)

▪ to \direct sth etw leiten [o führen]

to \direct the traffic den Verkehr regeln [o dirigieren

2. (order)

▪ to \direct sb to do sth jdn anweisen, etw zu tun

3. (aim)

▪ to \direct sth against sb etw gegen jdn richten

▪ to \direct sth at/to sb etw an jdn richten

was that remark \directed at me? galt diese Bemerkung mir?

their efforts were \directed towards helping the homeless mit ihrem Engagement wollten sie den Obdachlosen helfen

to \direct sb's attention at sth jds Aufmerksamkeit auf etw akk lenken

to \direct a blow at sb nach jdm schlagen

to \direct a letter to sb einen Brief an jdn adressieren

4. (threaten with weapon)

▪ to \direct sth at sth/sb etw auf etw/jdn richten

5. (give directions)

▪ to \direct sb to sth jdm den Weg zu etw dat zeigen [o sagen]

could you please \direct me to the train station? könnten Sie mir bitte den Weg zum Bahnhof zeigen?

6. THEAT, FILM

▪ to \direct sth bei etw dat Regie führen; MUS etw dirigieren

IV. vi THEAT, FILM Regie führen; MUS dirigieren

* * *
[daɪ'rekt]
1. adj

1) direkt; link, result, heir, contact direkt, unmittelbar; responsibility, cause, danger unmittelbar; train durchgehend; opposite genau

as a direct result of — als eine unmittelbare Folge von

direct line of descent — Abstammung f in direkter Linie

to be a direct descendant of sb — von jdm in direkter Linie abstammen, ein direkter Nachkomme von jdm sein

or deposit (US) — per Einzugsauftrag bezahlen

to impose direct rule ( on the Irish/from London) — (Irland/von London aus) direkt regieren

direct-grant school (Brit) — Privatschule mit staatlicher Unterstützung

avoid direct sunlight — direkte Sonneneinstrahlung meiden

to take a direct hit — einen Volltreffer einstecken

they are willing to hold direct talks with the government — sie sind bereit, mit der Regierung direkt zu verhandeln

2) (= blunt) person, remark direkt, offen; refusal, denial glatt

3) (GRAM)

or discourse (US) — direkte Rede

2. vt

1) (= address, aim) remark, letter richten (to an +acc); efforts, look richten (towards auf +acc); anger auslassen (towards an +acc); money zufließen lassen (
to +dat)
the violence was directed against the police — die Gewalttätigkeiten richteten sich gegen die Polizei

to direct sb's attention to sb/sth — jds Aufmerksamkeit auf jdn/etw lenken

can you direct me to the town hall? — können Sie mir den Weg zum Rathaus sagen?

2) (= supervise, control) person's work, business leiten, lenken; traffic regeln

3) (= order) anweisen (sb to do sth jdn, etw zu tun); (JUR) jury Rechtsbelehrung erteilen (+dat)

to direct that sth ( should) be done — anordnen, dass etw getan wird

the judge directed the jury to... — der Richter belehrte die Schöffen darüber, dass...

to be taken as directed by your doctor (Med) — nach ärztlicher Verordnung einzunehmen

4) film, play Regie führen bei; group of actors dirigieren; radio/TV programme leiten

3. adv
direkt
* * *

direct [dıˈrekt; daı-]

A v/t

1. seine Aufmerksamkeit etc richten, lenken ( beide:

to, toward[s] auf akk):

a method directed to doing sth ein Verfahren, das darauf abzielt, etwas zu tun;

be directed against sich richten gegen;

direct away jemanden, etwas ablenken ( from von)

2. ein Fahrzeug lenken

3. einen Betrieb etc führen, leiten, lenken

4. Worte richten (to an akk):

this remark was directed at you diese Bemerkung war an deine Adresse gerichtet

5. einen Brief etc adressieren, richten ( beide:

to an akk)

6. anweisen, beauftragen, jemandem Anweisung geben ( alle:

to do zu tun):

direct the jury as to the law JUR den Geschworenen Rechtsbelehrung erteilen

7. anordnen, verfügen, bestimmen:

direct sth to be done etwas anordnen; anordnen, dass etwas geschieht;

as directed laut Verfügung, nach Vorschrift

8. a) jemandem den Weg zeigen oder sagen (to zu, nach)

b) fig jemanden verweisen (to an akk)

9. a) ein Orchester dirigieren

b) Regie bei einem Film oder Stück führen:

directed by unter der Regie von

B v/i

1. befehlen, bestimmen

2. a) MUS besonders US dirigieren

b) THEAT etc Regie führen:

directing debut Regiedebüt n

C adj (adv → directly A)

1. direkt, gerade

2. direkt, unmittelbar (Steuern etc):

direct descent geradlinige Abstammung;

direct elimination (Fechten) Direktausscheidung f;

direct flight Direktflug m;

direct labo(u)r Fertigungslöhne pl;

direct mail US Postwurfsendung f;

direct primary POL US Vorwahl f durch direkte Wahl;

direct selling WIRTSCH Direktverkauf m;

direct train BAHN durchgehender Zug;

direct voting POL direkte Wahl; → descendant 1, direct method

3. unmittelbar, persönlich (Verantwortung etc)

4. WIRTSCH spezifisch, direkt:

direct costs direkte Kosten, Einzelkosten

5. a) klar, unzwei-, eindeutig

b) offen, ehrlich (Antwort etc)

6. direkt, genau:

the direct contrary das genaue Gegenteil

7. LING direkt:

direct speech (bes US discourse) direkte Rede;

direct object Akkusativobjekt n

8. ASTRON rechtläufig

9. ELEK

a) Gleichstrom…

b) Gleich…

D adv direkt, unmittelbar:

I wrote to him direct ich schrieb ihm direkt;

the next flight goes direct to London der nächste Flug geht direkt nach London; → dial C

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) (turn) richten (to[wards] auf + Akk.)

direct somebody's attention to something — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas (Akk.) lenken

the remark was directed at you — die Bemerkung galt dir

the bomb/missile was directed at — die Bombe/das Geschoss galt (+ Dat.)

direct somebody to a place — jemandem den Weg zu einem Ort weisen od. sagen

2) (control) leiten; beaufsichtigen [Arbeitskräfte, Arbeitsablauf]; regeln, dirigieren [Verkehr]

3) (order) anweisen

direct somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen, etwas zu tun

as directed [by the doctor] — wie [vom Arzt] verordnet

4) (Theatre, Cinemat., Telev., Radio) Regie führen bei
2. adjective
1) direkt; durchgehend [Zug]; unmittelbar [Ursache, Gefahr, Auswirkung]; (immediate) unmittelbar, persönlich [Erfahrung, Verantwortung, Beteiligung]

2) (diametrical) genau [Gegenteil]; direkt [Widerspruch]; diametral [Gegensatz]

3) (frank) direkt; offen; glatt [Absage]
3. adverb
direkt

* * *

adj.

direkt adj.

gerade adj.

lenken adj.

unmittelbar adj. (something) v.

Regie führen (bei etwas) ausdr. (to, at) v.

anweisen (auf) v.

regeln v.

richten (nach, auf) v.

English-german dictionary > direct
13 direct

[di'rekt] 1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) direkte

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) direkte

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) direkte

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) nøjagtig; direkte

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) direkte
2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) rette mod; henlede

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) vise vej

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) beordre; instruere

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) kontrollere; dirigere

•

- direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory
* * *
[di'rekt] 1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) direkte

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) direkte

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) direkte

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) nøjagtig; direkte

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) direkte
2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) rette mod; henlede

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) vise vej

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) beordre; instruere

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) kontrollere; dirigere

•

- direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory

English-Danish dictionary > direct
14 up

1. adverb
1) (to higher place) nach oben; (in lift) aufwärts

[right] up to something — (lit. or fig.) [ganz] bis zu etwas hinauf

the bird flew up to the roof — der Vogel flog aufs Dach [hinauf]

up into the air — in die Luft [hinauf]...

climb up on something/climb up to the top of something — auf etwas (Akk.) [hinauf]steigen/bis zur Spitze einer Sache hinaufsteigen

the way up [to something] — der Weg hinauf [zu etwas]

on the way up — (lit. or fig.) auf dem Weg nach oben

up here/there — hier herauf/dort hinauf

high/higher up — hoch/höher hinauf

farther up — weiter hinauf

halfway/a long/little way up — den halben Weg/ein weites/kurzes Stück hinauf

come on up! — komm [hier/weiter] herauf!

up it etc. comes/goes — herauf kommt/hinauf geht es usw.

up you go! — rauf mit dir! (ugs.)

2) (to upstairs, northwards) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich); nach oben

come up from London to Edinburgh — von London nach Edinburgh [he]raufkommen

3) (to place regarded as more important)

go up to Leeds from the country — vom Land in die Stadt Leeds od. nach Leeds fahren

4) (Brit.): (to capital) rein (bes. ugs.); herein/hinein (bes. schriftsprachlich)

go up to town or London — nach London gehen/fahren

get up to London from Reading — von Reading nach London [he]reinfahren

5) (in higher place, upstairs, in north) oben

up here/there — hier/da oben

high up — hoch oben

an order from high up — (fig.) ein Befehl von ganz oben (ugs.)

higher up in the mountains — weiter oben in den Bergen

the picture should be higher up — das Bild müsste höher hängen

farther up — weiter oben

halfway/a long/little way up — auf halbem Weg nach oben/ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben

10 metres up — 10 Meter hoch

live four floors or storeys up — im vierten Stockwerk wohnen

his flat is on the next floor up — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk höher

up north — oben im Norden (ugs.)

6) (erect) hoch

keep your head up — halte den Kopf hoch; see also academic.ru/12509/chin">chin

7) (out of bed)

be up — auf sein

up and about — auf den Beinen

8) (in place regarded as more important; Brit.): (in capital)

up in town or London/Leeds — in London/Leeds

9) (in price, value, amount)

prices have gone/are up — die Preise sind gestiegen

butter is up [by...] — Butter ist [...] teurer

10) (including higher limit)

up to — bis... hinauf

up to midday/up to £2 — bis zum Mittag/bis zu 2 Pfund

11) (in position of gain)

we're £300 up on last year — wir liegen 300 Pfund über dem letzten Jahr

the takings were £500 up on the previous month — die Einnahmen lagen 500 Pfund über denen des Vormonats

12) (ahead)

be three points/games/goals up — (Sport) mit drei Punkten/Spielen/Toren vorn liegen

be three points up on somebody — drei Punkte vor jemandem sein od. liegen

13) (as far as)

up to something — bis zu etwas

she is up to Chapter 3 — sie ist bis zum dritten Kapitel gekommen od. ist beim dritten Kapitel

up to here/there — bis hier[hin]/bis dorthin

I've had it up to here — (coll.) mir steht es bis hier [hin] (ugs.)

up to now/then/that time/last week — bis jetzt/damals/zu jener Zeit/zur letzten Woche

14)

up to — (comparable with)

be up to expectation[s] — den Erwartungen entsprechen

his last opera is not up to his others — seine neueste Oper reicht an seine früheren nicht heran

15)

up to — (capable of)

[not] be/feel up to something — einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen sein/sich einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen fühlen

[not] be/feel up to doing something — [nicht] in der Lage sein/sich nicht in der Lage fühlen, etwas zu tun

not be up to much — nicht viel taugen

16)

up to — (derog.): (doing)

be up to something — etwas anstellen (ugs.)

what is he up to? — was hat er [bloß] vor?

17)

it is [not] up to somebody to do something — (somebody's duty) es ist [nicht] jemandes Sache, etwas zu tun

it is up to us to help them — es ist unsere Pflicht, ihnen zu helfen

now it's up to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

it's/that's up to you — (is for you to decide) es/das hängt von dir ab; (concerns only you) es/das ist deine Sache

18) (close)

up against somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas [lehnen]; an jemanden/etwas [stellen]

sit up against the wall — mit dem Rücken zur od. an der Wand sitzen

19) (confronted by)

be up against a problem/difficulty — etc. (coll.) vor einem Problem/einer Schwierigkeit usw. stehen

be up against a tough opponent — es mit einem harten Gegner zu tun haben

be up against it — in großen Schwierigkeiten stecken

20)

up and down — (upwards and downwards) hinauf und hinunter; (to and fro) auf und ab

be up and down — (coll.): (variable) Hochs und Tiefs haben

21) (facing upwards)

‘this side/way up’ — (on box etc.) "[hier] oben"

turn something this/the other side/way up — diese/die andere Seite einer Sache nach oben drehen

the right/wrong way up — richtig/verkehrt od. falsch herum

22) (finished, at an end) abgelaufen

time is up — die Zeit ist abgelaufen
2. preposition
1) (upwards along, from bottom to top) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich)

walk up something — etwas hinaufgehen

up hill and down dale — bergauf und bergab

2) (upwards through)

force a liquid up a pipe — eine Flüssigkeit durch eine Röhre nach oben pressen

3) (upwards over)

up something — etwas (Akk.) hinauf

ivy grew up the wall — Efeu wuchs die Mauer hinauf

4) (along)

come up the street — die Straße herauf- od. entlangkommen

walk up and down the platform — auf dem Bahnsteig auf und ab gehen

5) (at or in higher position in or on) [weiter] oben

further up the ladder/coast — weiter oben auf der Leiter/an der Küste

6) (from bottom to top along)

up the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses hinauf
3. adjective
1) (directed upwards) aufwärts führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach oben; nach oben gerichtet [Kolbenhub]

up train/line — (Railw.) Zug/Gleis Richtung Stadt

2) (well-informed)

be up in a subject/on the news — in einem Fach auf der Höhe [der Zeit] sein/über alle Neuigkeiten Bescheid wissen od. gut informiert sein

3) (coll.): (ready)

tea['s]/grub['s] up! — Tee/Essen ist fertig!

4) (coll.): (amiss)

what's up? — was ist los? (ugs.)

something is up — irgendwas ist los (ugs.)
4. noun in pl.
the ups and downs — (lit. or fig.) das Auf und Ab; (fig.) die Höhen und Tiefen
5. intransitive verb,
- pp- (coll.)

up and leave/resign — einfach abhauen (ugs.) /kündigen

he ups and says... — da sagt er doch [ur]plötzlich...
6. transitive verb,
- pp- (coll.) (increase) erhöhen; (raise up) heben

* * *

(to become covered (as if) with mist: The mirror misted over; The windscreen misted up.) beschlagen

* * *

up

[ʌp]

I. adv inv

1. (to higher position) nach oben, hinauf; lift aufwärts

hands \up! Hände hoch!

the water had come \up to the level of the windows das Wasser war bis auf Fensterhöhe gestiegen

four flights \up from here vier Etagen höher

come on \up! komm [hier] herauf!

\up it/she etc. comes! herauf kommt es/sie!

\up you go! rauf mit dir! fam

bottom \up mit der Unterseite nach oben

halfway \up auf halber Höhe

high \up hoch hinauf

farther \up weiter hinauf

\up and \up immer höher

\up and away auf und davon

2. (erect) aufrecht

just lean it \up against the wall lehnen Sie es einfach gegen die Wand

3. (out of bed) auf

is he \up yet? ist er schon auf?

to be \up late lange aufbleiben

\up and about auf den Beinen

4. (northwards) hinauf, herauf, rauf fam

on Tuesday she'll be travelling \up to Newcastle from Birmingham am Dienstag fährt sie von Birmingham nach Newcastle hinauf

she comes \up from Washington about once a month sie kommt ungefähr einmal im Monat aus Washington herauf

\up north oben im Norden

5. (at higher place) oben

farther \up weiter oben

\up here/there hier/da oben

a long/little way \up ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben

\up in the hills [dr]oben in den Bergen

2 metres \up 2 Meter hoch

I live on the next floor \up ich wohne ein Stockwerk höher

6. BRIT (towards city)

I'll be \up in London this weekend ich fahre an diesem Wochenende nach London

\up from the country vom Land

7. BRIT (at university)

is he \up at Cambridge yet? hat er schon [mit seinem Studium] in Cambridge angefangen?

8. (toward)

▪ \up to sb/sth auf jdn/etw zu

a limousine drew \up to where we were standing eine Limousine kam auf uns zu

she went \up to the counter sie ging zum Schalter

to run \up to sb jdm entgegenlaufen

to walk \up to sb auf jdn zugehen

9. (in high position) an der Spitze, oben fam

as a composer he was \up there with the best als Komponist gehörte er zur Spitze

she's something high \up in the company sie ist ein hohes Tier in der Firma

10. (higher in price or number) höher

last year the company's turnover was £240 billion, \up 3% on the previous year letztes Jahr lag der Umsatz der Firma bei 240 Milliarden Pfund, das sind 3 % mehr als im Jahr davor

items on this rack are priced [from] £50 \up die Waren in diesem Regal kosten ab 50 Pfund aufwärts

this film is suitable for children aged 13 and \up dieser Film ist für Kinder ab 13 Jahren geeignet

11. (to point of)

\up until [or till] [or to] bis + akk

\up to yesterday bis gestern

he can overdraw \up to £300 er kann bis zu 300 Pfund überziehen

12. (in opposition to)

to be \up against sb/sth es mit jdm/etw zu tun haben, sich akk mit jdm/etw konfrontiert sehen

the company was \up against some problems die Firma stand vor einigen Problemen

to be \up against it in Schwierigkeiten sein

to be \up against the law gegen das Gesetz stehen, mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt kommen

13. (depend on)

to be \up to sb von jdm abhängen

I'll leave it \up to you ich überlasse dir die Entscheidung

to be \up to sb to do sth jds Aufgabe sein, etw zu tun

14. (contrive)

to be \up to sth etw vorhaben [o im Schilde führen]

he's \up to no good er führt nichts Gutes im Schilde

15. (be adequate)

to be \up to sth einer Sache dat gewachsen sein, bei einer Sache dat mithalten können

do you feel \up to the challenge? fühlst du dich dieser Herausforderung gewachsen?

to be \up to doing sth in der Lage sein, etw zu tun

are you sure you're \up to it? bist du sicher, dass du das schaffst?

to not be \up to much nicht viel taugen

his German isn't \up to much sein Deutsch ist nicht besonders gut

16. (comparable with)

to be \up to expectations den Erwartungen entsprechen

her latest book is just not \up to her previous successes ihr neuestes Buch reicht an ihren früheren Erfolgen einfach nicht heran

17. AM (apiece) pro Person

the score was 3 \up at half-time bei Halbzeit stand es 3 [für] beide

18. ( dated fam: yes for)

\up with sb/sth hoch lebe jd/etw

\up with freedom! es lebe die Freiheit!

19.

▶ it's all \up with sb es ist aus mit jdm

▶ to be \up with the clock gut in der Zeit liegen

▶ to be \up to the ears [or eyeballs] [or neck] in problems bis zum Hals in Schwierigkeiten stecken

II. prep

1. (to higher position) hinauf, herauf, rauf fam

\up the ladder/mountain/stairs die Leiter/den Berg/die Treppe hinauf

2. (along)

[just] \up the road ein Stück die Straße hinauf, weiter oben in der Straße

to walk \up the road die Straße hinaufgehen [o entlanggehen]

\up and down auf und ab

he was running \up and down the path er rannte den Pfad auf und ab

he was strolling \up and down the corridor er schlenderte auf dem Gang auf und ab

\up and down the country überall im Land

3. (against flow)

\up the river/stream fluss-/bachauf[wärts]

a cruise \up the Rhine eine Fahrt den Rhein aufwärts [o rheinauf[wärts]

4. (at top of)

▪ \up sth oben auf etw dat

he's \up that ladder er steht dort oben auf der Leiter

\up the stairs am Ende der Treppe

5. AUS, BRIT ( fam: to)

are you going \up the club tonight? gehst du heute Abend in den Klub?; (at)

I'll see you \up the pub later ich treffe dich [o wir sehen uns] später in der Kneipe

6.

▶ be \up the creek [or ( vulg sl)\up shit creek] [without a paddle] [schön] in der Klemme [o derb Scheiße] sitzen

▶ \up hill and down dale bergauf und bergab

he led me \up hill and down dale till my feet were dropping off er führte mich quer durch die Gegend, bis mir fast die Füße abfielen fam

▶ \up top BRIT ( fam) im Kopf

a man with nothing much \up top ein Mann mit nicht viel im Kopf [o fam Hirnkasten]

▶ \up yours! ( vulg) ihr könnt/du kannst mich mal! derb

III. adj inv

1. attr (moving upward) nach oben

the \up escalator der Aufzug nach oben

2. attr BRIT ( dated: travelling toward the city)

what time does the next \up train leave? wann fährt der nächste Zug in die Stadt ab?

\up platform Bahnsteig, von dem die Züge in die nächstgelegene Stadt abfahren

3. attr PHYS

\up quark Up-Quark nt

4. pred (out of bed) auf[gestanden]

5. pred (erect) collar hochgeschlagen

6. pred (leading) in Führung

Manchester is two goals \up Manchester liegt mit zwei Toren in Führung

7. pred BRIT, AUS (being repaired) road aufgegraben, aufgerissen SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR

the council has got the road \up der Stadtrat hat die Straße aufgraben lassen

8. pred (more intense)

the wind is \up der Wind hat aufgedreht

the river is \up der Fluss ist angeschwollen

9. pred (in horseracing) zu Pferd

10. pred (happy) high sl, obenauf

▪ to be \up about [or on] [or for] sth von etw dat begeistert sein

I'm really \up for spending a posh weekend in Paris ich freue mich total darauf, ein tolles Wochenende in Paris zu verbringen fam

11. pred BRIT ( dated: frothy) schäumend

12. pred (functioning properly) funktionstüchtig

do you know when the server will be \up again? weißt du, wann der Server wieder in Betrieb ist?

this computer is down more than it's \up dieser Computer ist öfter gestört, als dass er läuft

to be \up and running funktionstüchtig [o in Ordnung] sein

to get sth \up and running etw wieder zum Laufen bringen

13. pred (in baseball) am Schlag

14. pred (finished) time, hours vorbei, um

your time is \up! Ihre Zeit ist um!

the soldier's leave will be \up at midnight der Ausgang des Soldaten endet um Mitternacht

15. pred ( fam: happening)

something is \up irgendetwas ist im Gange

what's \up? was ist los?

16. pred (informed)

▪ to be \up in sth sich akk mit etw dat auskennen

how well \up are you in Spanish? wie fit bist du in Spanisch? fam

17. pred (scheduled)

▪ to be \up for sth für etw akk vorgesehen sein; terms zur Debatte stehen

the house is \up for sale das Haus steht zum Verkauf

18. pred LAW (on trial) unter Anklage

he'll be \up before the magistrate er wird sich vor Gericht verantworten müssen

▪ to be \up for sth sich akk wegen einer S. gen vor Gericht verantworten müssen

to be \up for trial person vor Gericht stehen; case verhandelt werden

19. pred (interested in)

▪ to be \up for sth:

I think I'm \up for a walk ich glaube, ich habe Lust, spazieren zu gehen [o auf einen Spaziergang]

I'm \up for going out to eat ich hätte Lust, essen zu gehen

IV. n ( fam: good period) Hoch nt

unfortunately, we won't always have \ups leider gibt es für uns nicht immer nur Höhen

\ups and downs gute und schlechte Zeiten

▶ to be on the \up and \up BRIT, AUS ( fam: be improving) im Aufwärtstrend begriffen sein; esp AM (be honest) sauber sein fam

her career has been on the \up and \up since she moved into sales seit sie im Vertrieb ist, geht es mit ihrer Karriere stetig aufwärts

is this deal on the \up and \up? ist das ein sauberes Geschäft?

V. vi

<- pp->

( fam)

▪ to \up and do sth etw plötzlich tun

after dinner they just \upped and went without saying goodbye nach dem Abendessen gingen sie einfach weg, ohne auf Wiedersehen zu sagen

VI. vt

<- pp->

▪ to \up sth

1. (increase) capacity etw erhöhen

to \up the ante [or stakes] den Einsatz erhöhen

to \up a price/tax rate einen Preis/Steuersatz anheben

2. (raise) etw erheben

they \upped their glasses and toasted the host sie erhoben das Glas und brachten einen Toast auf den Gastgeber aus

VII. interj auf!, los, aufstehen!

* * *
[ʌp]
1. ADVERB

1) indicating position = in high or higher position oben; (= to higher position) nach oben

up there — dort oben, droben ( liter, S Ger

up here on the roof — hier oben auf dem Dach

on your way up (to see us/them) — auf dem Weg (zu uns/ihnen) hinauf

he climbed all the way up (to us/them) — er ist den ganzen Weg (zu uns/ihnen) hochgeklettert

to stop halfway up — auf halber Höhe anhalten

we were 6,000 m up when... — wir waren 6.000 m hoch, als...

5 floors up — 5 Stockwerke hoch

3 floors up from me — 3 Stockwerke über mir

they were up above — sie waren hoch oben

I looked up (above) — ich schaute nach oben

this side up — diese Seite oben!

a little further up — ein bisschen weiter oben

to go a little further up —

hang the picture a bit higher up — häng das Bild ein bisschen höher

stick the notice up here — häng den Anschlag hier hin

from up on the hill — vom Berg oben

up on top (of the cupboard) — ganz oben (auf dem Schrank)

up in the mountains/sky — oben or droben ( liter, S Ger ) in den Bergen/am Himmel

the temperature was up in the thirties — die Temperatur war über dreißig Grad

the sun/moon is up —

the tide is up — es ist Flut, die Flut ist da

the wind is up — der Wind hat aufgefrischt

with his collar up — mit hochgeschlagenem Kragen

the road is up (Brit) — die Straße ist aufgegraben

to be up with the leaders — vorn bei den Führenden sein

to move up into the lead —

Red Rum with Joe Smith up — Red Rum unter Joe Smith

up and away the balloon sailed — der Ballon stieg auf und schwebte davon

then up jumps Richard and says... — und dann springt Richard auf und sagt...

the needle was up at 95 —

come on, up, that's my chair! up! he shouted to his horse — komm, auf mit dir, das ist mein Stuhl! spring! schrie er seinem Pferd zu

up with the Liberals! — hoch die Liberalen!

up with Spurs! — Spurs hoch!

up yours! (sl) — leck mich (inf), fick dich!(vulg)

2)

= installed, built to be up (building) — stehen; (tent also) aufgeschlagen sein; (scaffolding) aufgestellt sein; (notice) hängen, angeschlagen sein; (picture) hängen, aufgehängt sein; (shutters) zu sein; (shelves, wallpaper, curtains, pictures) hängen

the new houses went up very quickly — die neuen Häuser sind sehr schnell gebaut or hochgezogen (inf) worden __diams; to be up and running laufen; (committee etc) in Gang sein; (business etc) einwandfrei funktionieren

have you got your computer up and running yet? — läuft dein Computer schon?

3) = not in bed auf

up (with you)! — auf mit dir!, raus aus dem Bett (inf)

to be up and about — auf sein; (after illness also) auf den Beinen sein

4) = north oben

up in Inverness — in Inverness oben, oben in Inverness

we are going up to Aberdeen — wir fahren nach Aberdeen (hinauf)

to be/live up north — im Norden sein/wohnen

to go up north —

up from the country — vom Lande

we're up for the day —

he was up at Susie's place — er war bei Susie zu Hause

5) = at university Brit am Studienort

the students are only up for half the year — die Studenten sind nur die Hälfte des Jahres am Studienort

to go up to Cambridge — (zum Studium) nach Cambridge gehen

he was up at Oxford in 1982 — er hat 1982 in Oxford studiert

6) in price, value gestiegen (on gegenüber)

my shares are up 70p — meine Aktien sind um 70 Pence gestiegen

then up go prices again — und wieder steigen die Preise

7)

in score to be 3 goals up — mit 3 Toren führen or vorn liegen (on gegenüber)

the score was 9 up (US) —

I'll play you 100 up — ich spiele auf 100 (mit dir)

we were £100 up on the deal — wir haben bei dem Geschäft £ 100 gemacht

to be one up on sb — jdm um einen Schritt voraus sein

8)

= upwards from £10 up — von £ 10 (an) aufwärts, ab £ 10

from the age of 13 up — ab (dem Alter von) 13 Jahren, von 13 Jahren aufwärts

9)

= wrong inf what's up? —

what's up with him? — was ist mit dem los?, was ist los mit ihm?

there's something up with it — irgendetwas stimmt damit nicht or hier nicht

10) = knowledgeable firm, beschlagen (in, on in +dat)

he's well up on foreign affairs —

I'm not very up on French history — in französischer Geschichte bin ich nicht sehr beschlagen

11)

= finished time's up — die Zeit ist um, die Zeit ist zu Ende

the weekend is nearly up — das Wochenende ist fast zu Ende or fast vorüber

to eat/use sth up —

it's all up with him (inf) — es ist aus mit ihm (inf), es ist mit ihm zu Ende

12)

set structures __diams; up against it was up against the wall — es war an die Wand gelehnt

put it up against the wall — lehne es an die Wand

to be up against a difficulty/an opponent — einem Problem/Gegner gegenüberstehen, es mit einem Problem/Gegner zu tun haben

I fully realize what I'm up against — mir ist völlig klar, womit ich es hier zu tun habe

they were really up against it — sie hatten wirklich schwer zu schaffen __diams; up and down auf und ab

to walk up and down —

to bounce up and down — hochfedern, auf und ab hüpfen

he's been up and down all evening (from seat) — er hat den ganzen Abend keine Minute still gesessen; (on stairs) er ist den ganzen Abend die Treppe rauf- und runtergerannt

she's still a bit up and down (after illness etc) — es geht ihr immer noch mal besser, mal schlechter

the matter is up before the committee — die Sache ist vor dem Ausschuss

the boys were up before the head teacher — die Jungen sind vor den Direktor zitiert worden

to be up before the Court/before Judge Smith (case) — verhandelt werden/von Richter Smith verhandelt werden; (person) vor Gericht/Richter Smith stehen

to be up for sale — zu verkaufen sein

to be up for discussion — zur Diskussion stehen

to be up for election (candidate) — zur Wahl aufgestellt sein; (candidates) zur Wahl stehen

to be up for trial — vor Gericht stehen __diams; up to = as far as bis

up to now/here — bis jetzt/hier

to count up to 100 — bis 100 zählen

up to £100 —

it holds up to 8 — es fasst bis zu 8

I'm up to here in work/debt (inf) — ich stecke bis hier in Arbeit/Schulden

I'm full up to here (inf) — ich bin bis oben (hin) voll (inf)

what page are you up to? — bis zu welcher Seite bist du gekommen?

I don't feel up to it — ich fühle mich dem nicht gewachsen

it isn't up to much — damit ist nicht viel los

is he up to the heavier weights? — schafft er schwerere Gewichte?

he isn't up to running the company by himself — er hat nicht das Zeug dazu, die Firma allein zu leiten

it isn't up to his usual standard — das ist nicht sein sonstiges Niveau

we're going up Ben Nevis – are you sure you're up to it? — wir wollen Ben Nevis besteigen – glaubst du, dass du das schaffst? __diams; to be up to sb

it's up to us to help him — wir sollten ihm helfen

if it were up to me —

the success of this project is up to you now — wie erfolgreich dieses Projekt wird, hängt jetzt nur noch von Ihnen (selbst) ab, es liegt jetzt ganz an Ihnen, ob dieses Projekt ein Erfolg wird

it's up to you whether you go or not — es liegt an or bei dir or es bleibt dir überlassen, ob du gehst oder nicht

I'd like to accept, but it isn't up to me — ich würde gerne annehmen, aber ich habe da nicht zu bestimmen or aber das hängt nicht von mir ab

shall I take it? – that's entirely up to you — soll ich es nehmen? – das müssen Sie selbst wissen

what colour shall I choose? – (it's) up to you — welche Farbe soll ich nehmen? – das ist deine Entscheidung

it's up to the government to put this right —

it's not up to the government — das ist nicht Sache der Regierung

what have you been up to? — was hast du angestellt?

what are you up to with that? — was hast du damit vor?

he's up to no good —

I'm sure he's up to something (child) hey you! what do you think you're up to! — ich bin sicher, er hat etwas vor or (sth suspicious) er führt irgendetwas im Schilde ich bin sicher, er stellt irgendetwas an he Sie, was machen Sie eigentlich da!

what does he think he's up to? — was soll das eigentlich?, was hat er eigentlich vor?

2. PREPOSITION
oben auf (+dat); (with movement) hinauf (+acc)
further up the page — weiter oben auf der Seite

to live up the hill — am Berg wohnen

to go up the hill — den Berg hinaufgehen

they live further up the hill/street — sie wohnen weiter oben am Berg/weiter die Straße entlang

he lives up a dark alley — er wohnt am Ende einer dunklen Gasse

up the road from me — (von mir) die Straße entlang

he went off up the road — er ging (weg) die Straße hinauf

he hid it up the chimney — er versteckte es (oben) im Kamin

the water goes up this pipe — das Wasser geht durch dieses Rohr

up one's sleeve (position) — im Ärmel; (motion) in den Ärmel

as I travel up and down the country —

I've been up and down the stairs all night — ich bin in der Nacht immer nur die Treppe rauf- und runtergerannt

he was up the pub ( Brit inf ) — er war in der Kneipe

let's go up the pub/up Johnny's place (inf) — gehen wir doch zur Kneipe/zu Johnny (inf)

to go up to sb — auf jdn zugehen

3. NOUN
__diams; ups and downs gute und schlechte Zeiten pl; (of life) Höhen und Tiefen pl
after many ups and downs — nach vielen Höhen und Tiefen

they have their ups and downs — bei ihnen gibt es auch gute und schlechte Zeiten __diams; to be on the up and up ( inf

he/his career is on the up and up (inf) — mit ihm/seiner Karriere geht es aufwärts

4. ADJECTIVE
(= going up) escalator nach oben; (RAIL) train, line zur nächsten größeren Stadt
platform 14 is the up platform — auf Bahnsteig 14 fahren die Züge nach London etc

5. TRANSITIVE VERB
(inf) price, offer hinaufsetzen; production ankurbeln; bet erhöhen (to auf +acc)
6. INTRANSITIVE VERB
(inf)
she upped and left him — sie verließ ihn ganz plötzlich or Knall auf Fall (inf)

he upped and ran — er rannte ganz plötzlich davon

* * *

up [ʌp]

A adv

1. a) nach oben, hoch, herauf, hinauf, in die Höhe, empor, aufwärts

b) oben (auch fig):

face up (mit dem) Gesicht nach oben;

… and up und (noch) höher oder mehr, von … aufwärts;

up and up höher und höher, immer höher;

farther up weiter hinauf oder (nach) oben;

three storeys up drei Stock hoch, (oben) im dritten Stock (-werk);

up and down

a) auf und ab, hin und her oder zurück,

b) fig überall;

buttoned all the way up bis oben (hin) zugeknöpft;

up from

a) (heraus) aus,

b) von … an, angefangen von …;

up from the country vom Lande;

from my youth up von Jugend auf, seit meiner Jugend;

up till now bis jetzt

2. weiter (nach oben), höher (auch fig):

up north weiter im Norden

3. flussaufwärts, den Fluss hinauf

4. nach oder im Norden:

up from Cuba von Kuba aus in nördlicher Richtung

5. a) in der oder in die ( besonders Haupt)Stadt

b) Br besonders in oder nach London:

he’s up for a week Br er ist eine Woche (lang) in London

6. Br am oder zum Studienort, im College etc:

he stayed up for the vacation

7. US umg in (dat):

up north im Norden

8. aufrecht, gerade:

sit up gerade sitzen

9. up to auf … (akk) zu, zu … (hin):

he went straight up to the door er ging geradewegs auf die Tür zu oder zur Tür

10. SPORT etc erzielt (Punktzahl):

with a hundred up mit hundert (Punkten)

11. Tischtennis etc: auf:

two up zwei auf, beide zwei

12. Baseball: am Schlag

13. SCHIFF luvwärts, gegen den Wind

14. up to

a) hinauf nach oder zu,

b) bis (zu), bis an oder auf (akk),

c) gemäß, entsprechend:

up to six months bis zu sechs Monaten;

up to town in die Stadt, Br besonders nach London;

up to death bis zum Tode; → chin A, count¹ C 1, date² A 10, expectation 1, mark¹ A 13, par A 3, scratch A 5, standard¹ A 6

15. be up to meist umg

a) etwas vorhaben, etwas im Schilde führen,

b) gewachsen sein (dat),

c) entsprechen (dat),

d) jemandes Sache sein, abhängen von,

e) fähig oder bereit sein zu,

f) vorbereitet oder gefasst sein auf (akk),

g) vertraut sein mit, sich auskennen in (dat):

what are you up to? was hast du vor?, was machst du ( there da)?;

he is up to no good er führt nichts Gutes im Schilde;

it is up to him es liegt an ihm, es hängt von ihm ab, es ist seine Sache;

it is not up to much es taugt nicht viel;

he is not up to much mit ihm ist nicht viel los; → snuff¹ C 3, trick A 1, A 2

16. (in Verbindung mit Verben [siehe jeweils diese] besonders als Intensivum)

a) auf…, aus…, ver…

b) zusammen…

B int up! auf!, hoch!, herauf!, hinauf!:

up (with you)! (steh) auf!;

up …! hoch (lebe) …!; → bottom A 1

C präp

1. auf … (akk) (hinauf):

up the ladder die Leiter hinauf;

up the street die Straße hinauf oder entlang;

up yours! vulg leck(t) mich (doch)!

2. in das Innere eines Landes etc (hinein):

up (the) country landeinwärts

3. gegen:

up (the) wind

4. oben an oder auf (dat), an der Spitze (gen):

up the tree (oben) auf dem Baum;

further up the road weiter oben in der Straße;

up the yard hinten im Hof

D adj

1. Aufwärts…, nach oben gerichtet

2. im Inneren (des Landes etc)

3. nach der oder zur Stadt:

up train;

up platform Bahnsteig m für Stadtzüge

4. a) oben (befindlich), (nach oben) gestiegen

b) hoch (auch fig):

be up fig an der Spitze sein, obenauf sein ( → D 6, D 11);

he is well up in that subject umg in diesem Fach ist er auf der Höhe oder gut beschlagen oder firm;

prices are up die Preise sind gestiegen;

wheat is up WIRTSCH der Weizen steht hoch (im Kurs), der Weizenpreis ist gestiegen

5. höher

6. auf(gestanden), auf den Beinen (auch fig):

be up auf sein ( → D 4, D 11);

be up and about (again) (wieder) auf den Beinen sein;

be up late lange aufbleiben;

be up again wieder obenauf sein;

be up against a hard job umg vor einer schwierigen Aufgabe stehen;

be up against it umg in der Klemme sein oder sitzen oder stecken

7. (zum Sprechen) aufgestanden:

the Home Secretary is up der Innenminister will sprechen oder spricht

8. PARL Br geschlossen:

Parliament is up das Parlament hat seine Sitzungen beendet oder hat sich vertagt

9. (bei verschiedenen Substantiven)

a) aufgegangen (Sonne, Samen)

b) hochgeschlagen (Kragen)

c) hochgekrempelt (Ärmel etc)

d) aufgespannt (Schirm)

e) aufgeschlagen (Zelt)

f) hoch-, aufgezogen (Vorhang etc)

g) aufgestiegen (Ballon etc)

h) aufgeflogen (Vogel)

i) angeschwollen (Fuß etc)

10. schäumend (Getränk):

the cider is up der Apfelwein schäumt

11. be up (einwandfrei) funktionieren (Computer) ( → D 4, D 6);

up time Benutzerzeit f

12. umg in Aufruhr, erregt:

his temper is up er ist erregt oder aufgebracht;

the whole country was up das ganze Land befand sich in Aufruhr; → arm² Bes Redew, blood A 2

13. umg los, im Gange:

what’s up? was ist los?;

is anything up? ist (irgendet)was los?; → hunt A 1

14. zu Ende, abgelaufen, vorbei, um:

it’s all up es ist alles aus;

it’s all up with him koll es ist aus mit ihm; → game¹ A 6, time A 11

15. up with jemandem ebenbürtig oder gewachsen

16. up for bereit zu:

be up for election auf der Wahlliste stehen;

be up for examination sich einer Prüfung unterziehen;

be up for murder JUR unter Mordanklage stehen;

be up for sale zum Kauf stehen;

be up for trial JUR

a) vor Gericht stehen,

b) verhandelt werden

17. SPORT, Spiel: um einen Punkt etc voraus:

be one up;

one up for you eins zu null für dich (a. fig)

E v/i

1. umg aufstehen, aufspringen:

up and ask sb jemanden plötzlich fragen

2. up with US umg etwas hochreißen:

he upped with his shotgun

3. besonders US sl Aufputschmittel nehmen

F v/t umg einen Preis, die Produktion etc erhöhen

G s

1. Aufwärtsbewegung f, An-, Aufstieg m:

the ups and downs pl das Auf und Ab;

the ups and downs of life die Höhen und Tiefen des Lebens;

he has had many ups and downs in his life er hat schon viele Höhen und Tiefen erlebt;

on the up and up umg

a) Br im Steigen (begriffen), im Kommen,

b) US in Ordnung, anständig, ehrlich;

our firm’s on the up and up Br umg mit unserer Firma geht es aufwärts, unsere Firma ist im Aufwind;

he’s on the up and up umg er macht keine krummen Touren

2. umg Preisanstieg m, Wertzuwachs m

3. besonders US → upper B 4

* * *
1. adverb
1) (to higher place) nach oben; (in lift) aufwärts

[right] up to something — (lit. or fig.) [ganz] bis zu etwas hinauf

the bird flew up to the roof — der Vogel flog aufs Dach [hinauf]

up into the air — in die Luft [hinauf]...

climb up on something/climb up to the top of something — auf etwas (Akk.) [hinauf]steigen/bis zur Spitze einer Sache hinaufsteigen

the way up [to something] — der Weg hinauf [zu etwas]

on the way up — (lit. or fig.) auf dem Weg nach oben

up here/there — hier herauf/dort hinauf

high/higher up — hoch/höher hinauf

farther up — weiter hinauf

halfway/a long/little way up — den halben Weg/ein weites/kurzes Stück hinauf

come on up! — komm [hier/weiter] herauf!

up it etc. comes/goes — herauf kommt/hinauf geht es usw.

up you go! — rauf mit dir! (ugs.)

2) (to upstairs, northwards) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich); nach oben

come up from London to Edinburgh — von London nach Edinburgh [he]raufkommen

3) (to place regarded as more important)

go up to Leeds from the country — vom Land in die Stadt Leeds od. nach Leeds fahren

4) (Brit.): (to capital) rein (bes. ugs.); herein/hinein (bes. schriftsprachlich)

go up to town or London — nach London gehen/fahren

get up to London from Reading — von Reading nach London [he]reinfahren

5) (in higher place, upstairs, in north) oben

up here/there — hier/da oben

high up — hoch oben

an order from high up — (fig.) ein Befehl von ganz oben (ugs.)

higher up in the mountains — weiter oben in den Bergen

the picture should be higher up — das Bild müsste höher hängen

farther up — weiter oben

halfway/a long/little way up — auf halbem Weg nach oben/ein gutes/kurzes Stück weiter oben

10 metres up — 10 Meter hoch

live four floors or storeys up — im vierten Stockwerk wohnen

his flat is on the next floor up — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk höher

up north — oben im Norden (ugs.)

6) (erect) hoch

keep your head up — halte den Kopf hoch; see also chin

7) (out of bed)

be up — auf sein

up and about — auf den Beinen

8) (in place regarded as more important; Brit.): (in capital)

up in town or London/Leeds — in London/Leeds

9) (in price, value, amount)

prices have gone/are up — die Preise sind gestiegen

butter is up [by...] — Butter ist [...] teurer

10) (including higher limit)

up to — bis... hinauf

up to midday/up to £2 — bis zum Mittag/bis zu 2 Pfund

11) (in position of gain)

we're £300 up on last year — wir liegen 300 Pfund über dem letzten Jahr

the takings were £500 up on the previous month — die Einnahmen lagen 500 Pfund über denen des Vormonats

12) (ahead)

be three points/games/goals up — (Sport) mit drei Punkten/Spielen/Toren vorn liegen

be three points up on somebody — drei Punkte vor jemandem sein od. liegen

13) (as far as)

up to something — bis zu etwas

she is up to Chapter 3 — sie ist bis zum dritten Kapitel gekommen od. ist beim dritten Kapitel

up to here/there — bis hier[hin]/bis dorthin

I've had it up to here — (coll.) mir steht es bis hier [hin] (ugs.)

up to now/then/that time/last week — bis jetzt/damals/zu jener Zeit/zur letzten Woche

14)

up to — (comparable with)

be up to expectation[s] — den Erwartungen entsprechen

his last opera is not up to his others — seine neueste Oper reicht an seine früheren nicht heran

15)

up to — (capable of)

[not] be/feel up to something — einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen sein/sich einer Sache (Dat.) [nicht] gewachsen fühlen

[not] be/feel up to doing something — [nicht] in der Lage sein/sich nicht in der Lage fühlen, etwas zu tun

not be up to much — nicht viel taugen

16)

up to — (derog.): (doing)

be up to something — etwas anstellen (ugs.)

what is he up to? — was hat er [bloß] vor?

17)

it is [not] up to somebody to do something — (somebody's duty) es ist [nicht] jemandes Sache, etwas zu tun

it is up to us to help them — es ist unsere Pflicht, ihnen zu helfen

now it's up to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

it's/that's up to you — (is for you to decide) es/das hängt von dir ab; (concerns only you) es/das ist deine Sache

18) (close)

up against somebody/something — an jemandem/etwas [lehnen]; an jemanden/etwas [stellen]

sit up against the wall — mit dem Rücken zur od. an der Wand sitzen

19) (confronted by)

be up against a problem/difficulty — etc. (coll.) vor einem Problem/einer Schwierigkeit usw. stehen

be up against a tough opponent — es mit einem harten Gegner zu tun haben

be up against it — in großen Schwierigkeiten stecken

20)

up and down — (upwards and downwards) hinauf und hinunter; (to and fro) auf und ab

be up and down — (coll.): (variable) Hochs und Tiefs haben

21) (facing upwards)

‘this side/way up’ — (on box etc.) "[hier] oben"

turn something this/the other side/way up — diese/die andere Seite einer Sache nach oben drehen

the right/wrong way up — richtig/verkehrt od. falsch herum

22) (finished, at an end) abgelaufen

time is up — die Zeit ist abgelaufen
2. preposition
1) (upwards along, from bottom to top) rauf (bes. ugs.); herauf/hinauf (bes. schriftsprachlich)

walk up something — etwas hinaufgehen

up hill and down dale — bergauf und bergab

2) (upwards through)

force a liquid up a pipe — eine Flüssigkeit durch eine Röhre nach oben pressen

3) (upwards over)

up something — etwas (Akk.) hinauf

ivy grew up the wall — Efeu wuchs die Mauer hinauf

4) (along)

come up the street — die Straße herauf- od. entlangkommen

walk up and down the platform — auf dem Bahnsteig auf und ab gehen

5) (at or in higher position in or on) [weiter] oben

further up the ladder/coast — weiter oben auf der Leiter/an der Küste

6) (from bottom to top along)

up the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses hinauf
3. adjective
1) (directed upwards) aufwärts führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach oben; nach oben gerichtet [Kolbenhub]

up train/line — (Railw.) Zug/Gleis Richtung Stadt

2) (well-informed)

be up in a subject/on the news — in einem Fach auf der Höhe [der Zeit] sein/über alle Neuigkeiten Bescheid wissen od. gut informiert sein

3) (coll.): (ready)

tea['s]/grub['s] up! — Tee/Essen ist fertig!

4) (coll.): (amiss)

what's up? — was ist los? (ugs.)

something is up — irgendwas ist los (ugs.)
4. noun in pl.
the ups and downs — (lit. or fig.) das Auf und Ab; (fig.) die Höhen und Tiefen
5. intransitive verb,
- pp- (coll.)

up and leave/resign — einfach abhauen (ugs.) /kündigen

he ups and says... — da sagt er doch [ur]plötzlich...
6. transitive verb,
- pp- (coll.) (increase) erhöhen; (raise up) heben

* * *

adv.

auf adv.

aufwärts adv.

hinauf adv.

hoch adj.

oben adv. prep.

auf präp.

English-german dictionary > up
15 direct

di'rekt
1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) directo

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) franco, sincero, directo

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) directo

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) exacto

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) directo

2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) dirigir

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) indicar el camino

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) ordenar

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) dirigir

•

- direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory

direct¹ adj directo

a direct flight from Málaga to New York un vuelo directo de Málaga a Nueva York

direct² adv directo

the flight goes direct to New York el vuelo va directo a Nueva York

direct³ vb dirigir / indicar

the policeman directed me to the station el policía me indicó el camino a la estación

direct

tr[dɪ'rekt, daɪ'rekt]

adjective

1 (gen) directo,-a

■ a direct flight un vuelo directo

■ this is a direct result of your carelessness esto es consecuencia directa de tu falta de atención

■ there is a direct link between smoking and cancer hay una relación directa entre el tabaco y el cáncer

■ keep the plant out of direct sunlight no expongas la planta directamente al sol

2 (exact, complete) exacto,-a

■ he's very sweet - the direct opposite of his wife es encantador - la antítesis de su mujer

3 (straightforward - person, manner) franco,-a, sincero,-a; (- question) directo,-a; (- answer) claro,-a

adverb

1 (go, write, phone) directamente; (broadcast) en directo

■ does this train go direct to Bristol? ¿este tren va directo a Bristol?

transitive verb

1 (show the way) indicar el camino a

2 (letter, parcel) mandar, dirigir

3 (attention, remark) dirigir

4 (traffic, organization, inquiry) dirigir

5 (play, actors) dirigir

6 formal use (order, command) ordenar

intransitive verb

1 (play, actors) dirigir

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be a direct descendent of somebody ser descendiente directo,-a de alguien, descender de alguien por línea directa

to make/score a direct hit dar en el blanco

direct current corriente nombre femenino continua

direct debit domiciliación nombre femenino de pagos

direct object complemento directo

direct speech estilo directo

direct [də'rɛkt, daɪ-] vt

1) address: dirigir, mandar

2) aim, point: dirigir

3) guide: indicarle el camino (a alguien), orientar

4) manage: dirigir

to direct a film: dirigir una película

5) command: ordenar, mandar

direct adv

: directamente

direct adj

1) straight: directo

2) frank: franco

direct

adj.

• directo, -a adj.

• exacto, -a adj.

• seguido, -a adj.

• sincero, -a adj.

adv.

• derecho adv.

v.

• conducir v.

• dirigir v.

• encaminar v.

• encauzar v.

• enderezar v.

• enjergar v.

• gobernar v.

• guiar v.

• mandar v.

• menear v.

• regentar v.

də'rekt, daɪ-, daɪ'rekt, dɪ-
I

adjective

1)

a) <route/flight> directo; < contact> directo; <cause/consequence> directo

direct dialing o (BrE) dialling — ( Telec) servicio m automático, discado m directo or automático (AmL)

direct taxation — tributación f directa

b) ( in genealogy)

he's a direct descendant of the duke — desciende del duque por línea directa

c) ( exact) <equivalent/quotation> exacto

to score a direct hit — dar* en el blanco

d) ( Ling) (before n) <question/command> en estilo directo

direct discourse o (BrE) speech — estilo m directo

2) (frank, straightforward) <person/manner> franco, directo; < question> directo

II

adverb

1) <write/phone> directamente; < goavel> (BrE) directo, directamente

to dial direct — ( Telec) marcar* or (AmL tb) discar* directamente el número

2) ( straight) directamente

direct from Paris — (Rad, TV) en directo desde París

3) ( straightforwardly) (esp AmE colloq) directamente, sin rodeos

III
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) ( give directions to) indicarle* el camino a

b) ( address) \<\<letter/parcel\>\> mandar, dirigir*

2) ( aim) dirigir*

it was directed at us — iba dirigido a nosotros

3) \<\<play/orchestraaffic\>\> dirigir*

4) ( order) (frml) ordenar

to direct somebody to + INF — ordenarle a alguien que (+ subj)

2.

vi (Cin, Theat) dirigir*

[daɪ'rekt]
1. ADJ

1) (=without detour) [route, train, flight] directo

2) (=immediate) [cause, result] directo; [contact, control, responsibility, descendant] directo

"keep away from direct heat" — "no exponer directamente al calor"

to make a direct hit — dar en el blanco

he's the direct opposite — es exactamente el contrario

3) (=straightforward, not evasive) [answer, refusal] claro, inequívoco; [manner, character] abierto, franco

2. ADV

1) (=straight) [go, fly, pay] directamente

we fly direct to Santiago — volamos directo or directamente a Santiago

2) (=frankly) con franqueza, sin rodeos

3. VT

1) (=aim) [+ remark, gaze, attention] dirigir (at, to a)

2) (=give directions to)

can you direct me to the station? — ¿me puede indicar cómo llegar a la estación?

3) (=control) [+ traffic, play, film] dirigir

4) (=instruct)

to direct sb to do sth — mandar a algn hacer algo

to direct that... — mandar que...

4.

CPD

direct access N — (Comput) acceso m directo

direct action N — acción f directa

direct advertising N — publicidad f directa

direct cost N — costo m directo

direct current N — (Elec) corriente f continua

direct debit N — pago m a la orden

direct debiting N — domiciliación f (de pagos)

direct dialling N — servicio m (telefónico) automático, discado m directo (LAm)

direct discourse N — (esp US) (Gram) estilo m directo

direct free kick N — golpe m libre directo

direct grant school N — (Brit) † escuela f subvencionada

direct hit N — (Mil) impacto m directo

direct mail N — publicidad f por correo, correspondencia f directa

direct mail shot N — (Brit) campaña f publicitaria por correo, mailing m

direct marketing N — márketing m directo

direct object N — (Gram) complemento m directo

direct rule N — gobierno m directo

direct selling N — ventas fpl directas

direct speech N — (Ling) estilo m directo

direct tax N — impuesto m directo

direct taxation N — tributación f directa

* * *
[də'rekt, daɪ-, daɪ'rekt, dɪ-]
I

adjective

1)

a) <route/flight> directo; < contact> directo; <cause/consequence> directo

direct dialing o (BrE) dialling — ( Telec) servicio m automático, discado m directo or automático (AmL)

direct taxation — tributación f directa

b) ( in genealogy)

he's a direct descendant of the duke — desciende del duque por línea directa

c) ( exact) <equivalent/quotation> exacto

to score a direct hit — dar* en el blanco

d) ( Ling) (before n) <question/command> en estilo directo

direct discourse o (BrE) speech — estilo m directo

2) (frank, straightforward) <person/manner> franco, directo; < question> directo

II

adverb

1) <write/phone> directamente; <go/travel> (BrE) directo, directamente

to dial direct — ( Telec) marcar* or (AmL tb) discar* directamente el número

2) ( straight) directamente

direct from Paris — (Rad, TV) en directo desde París

3) ( straightforwardly) (esp AmE colloq) directamente, sin rodeos

III
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) ( give directions to) indicarle* el camino a

b) ( address) \<\<letter/parcel\>\> mandar, dirigir*

2) ( aim) dirigir*

it was directed at us — iba dirigido a nosotros

3) \<\<play/orchestra/traffic\>\> dirigir*

4) ( order) (frml) ordenar

to direct somebody to + INF — ordenarle a alguien que (+ subj)

2.

vi (Cin, Theat) dirigir*

English-spanish dictionary > direct
16 direct

di'rekt 1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) rett, direkte

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) direkte, rett fram

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) direkte, umiddelbar

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) rak, komplett, helt

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) i rett/ubrutt linje
2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) rette, henlede

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) vise veien (til)

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) beordre, bestemme, pålegge

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) dirigere, kontrollere, lede, styre, regissere

•

- direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory

direkte
--------
dirigere
--------
like
--------
rett
--------
styre

I
verb \/dɪˈrekt\/, \/dəˈrekt\/, \/daɪˈrekt\/

1) ( også overført) rette (mot noe), styre (mot noe), dirigere (mot noe)

2) ( om blikk) vende (mot)

3) styre, kontrollere, lede, dirigere (spesielt amer.)

• my father directs an orchestra

4) (vei)lede, instruere

• the foreman directs the workmen

5) regissere, iscenesette

• she is directing a film

6) (an)vise, vise veien, henvise

• can you direct me to the station?

• direct him to me!

henvis ham til meg!

7) adressere

• this letter is directed to the managing director

8) befale, beordre, bestemme, si fra til

• he directed the cleaning to be done

han befalte at det skulle vaskes

as directed som foreskrevet, etter ordre

direct something at\/against somebody ( også overført) rette noe mot noen

• strong criticism was directed against the management

det ble rettet skarp kritikk mot ledelsen

direct something towards something rette noe mot noe

• the programme was directed towards the rehabilitation of the city centre

formålet med programmet var en rehabilitering av bykjernen
II
adj. \/dɪˈrekt\/, \/dəˈrekt\/, \/daɪˈrekt\/, foranstilt: \/ˈdaɪrekt\/

1) direkte, direkte-

• income tax is a direct tax

2) ( om retning) rak, strak, direkte

3) (om konsekvens, resultat) umiddelbar, direkte

4) ( om person) rett på sak, likefrem, åpen

• she had a direct manner

hun var likefrem \/ rett på sak

5) tydelig, klar, direkte

• there was no direct evidence

det fantes ikke noe tydelig bevis

6) ( om arvefølge) i rett nedadstigende linje

• he was no direct descendant of the Queen

7) ( om valg) direkte

8) ( grammatikk) direkte

• direct speech

direkte tale

9) ( for å understreke noe) rak, direkte, helt

• they were direct opposites

de var rake motsetninger
III
adv. \/dɪˈrekt\/, \/dəˈrekt\/, \/daɪˈrekt\/

1) ( om kommunikasjon) direkte

• they wanted to deal with the management direct

de ønsket å forhandle med ledelsen direkte

2) ( om strekning) rakt, rett, direkte

• they were flying from Bergen to London direct

English-Norwegian dictionary > direct
17 Down

I noun
(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
II noun
1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der

2) (hair) Flaum, der
III 1. adverb
1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

3) (of money): (at once) sofort

pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

5) (on to paper)

copy something down from the board — etwas von der Tafel abschreiben

6) (on programme)

put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

down on the floor — auf dem Fußboden

low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

down under the table — unter dem Tisch

wear one's hair down — sein Haar offen tragen

down there/here — da/hier unten

X metres down — X Meter tief

his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)

down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

be down with an illness — eine Krankheit haben

10) (on paper)

be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]

12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

keep one's eyes down — zu Boden sehen

be down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

13) (in depression)

down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger

15)

be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

16) (to reduced consistency or size)

thin gravy down — Soße verdünnen

the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft

wear the soles down — die Sohlen ablaufen

17) (including lower limit)

from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

be down on one's earnings of the previous year — weniger verdienen als im Vorjahr

be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.
2. preposition
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss

fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

his eye travelled down the list — sein Auge wanderte über die Liste

walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

2) (downwards through) durch

3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

5) (downwards in time)

the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden

6) (along)

come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen

go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

live just down the road — ein Stück weiter unten in der Straße wohnen

8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)

down the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses

9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
3. adjective
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
4. transitive verb
(coll.)

1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]

2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]

3)

down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
5. noun
(coll.)

have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
•• Cultural note:
Downing Street

Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist

* * *
I 1. adverb
1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter

2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden

3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter

4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen

5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter
2. preposition
1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter

2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter

3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang
3. verb
(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen

- downward
- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjective
He is a downright nuisance!)

- downstairs
- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun
(small, soft feathers: a quilt filled with down.) Daunen (pl.)

- downie®
- downy
* * *

down¹

[daʊn]

I. ADVERB

1. (movement to a lower position) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter, herab geh

get \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!

the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutscht

come further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam

“\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“

▪ to fall \down (drop) hinunterfallen; (fall over) umfallen; (stumble) hinfallen

▪ to let sth \down etw herunterlassen

to lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]

to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehen

to put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen

2. (downwards) nach unten

head \down mit dem Kopf nach unten

to be [or lie] face \down auf dem Bauch [o mit dem Gesicht nach unten] liegen

to point down nach unten zeigen

3. (in a lower position) unten

\down here/there hier/dort unten

\down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw dat

4. inv (in the south) im Süden, unten fam; (towards the south) in den Süden, runter fam

things are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurer

how often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fam

5. inv (away from the centre) außerhalb

my parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershire

he has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen

\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartier

6. ( fam: badly off) unten

she's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! fam

to be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne haben

she's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt

to hit [or kick] sb when he's \down jdn treten, wenn er schon am Boden liegt fig

7. (have only)

▪ to be \down to sth nur noch etw haben

when the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade

8. (ill)

to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt sein

she's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im Bett

to come [or go] \down with sth an etw dat erkranken, etw kriegen fam

I think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam

9. SPORT im Rückstand

Milan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück

10. (back in time, to a later time)

Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert

\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]

to come \down myths überliefert werden

to pass [or hand] sth \down etw weitergeben [o überliefern

11. (at/to a lower amount) niedriger

the pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahr

he quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatte

to get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]

to go \down sinken

the number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken

12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunter

let the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennen

settle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zwei

to turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]

to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern

13. (including) bis einschließlich

the entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht geraten

everyone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört

14. (on paper)

to have sth \down in writing [or on paper] etw schriftlich [o fam schwarz auf weiß] haben

to get [or put] sb \down for sth jdn für etw akk vormerken

we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestellt

15. (swallowed) hinunter, runter fam

to get sth \down etw [hinunter]schlucken

she couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter fam

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast

16. (thoroughly) gründlich

he washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten

17. (already finished) vorbei

two lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht

18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung

to pay [or put] £100 \down 100 Pfund anzahlen

19. (attributable)

▪ to be \down to sth auf etw akk zurückzuführen sein

the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenz

to be [or AM also come] \down to sb jds Sache sein

it's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen

20. (reduce to)

to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufen

what the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...

well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...

21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht

22.

▶ \down to the ground völlig, ganz und gar, total fam

that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für mich

II. PREPOSITION

1. (in a downward direction) hinunter; (towards the speaker) herunter

my uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] ist

up and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter fam

she poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abfluss

2. (downhill) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter [o geh herab]

to come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]

to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen

3. (along) entlang

go \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]

her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seite

we drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis Bristol

I ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durch

her long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rücken

to sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln

4. (in a particular place)

\down sb's way in jds Gegend

they speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam

5. (through time)

\down the ages von Generation zu Generation

\down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch

\down the generations über Generationen hinweg

6. BRIT, AUS ( fam: to)

I went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipe

to go \down the shops einkaufen gehen

7. (inside) in + dat

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast

8.

▶ to go \down the drain [or toilet] [or tube[s]] ( fam)

▶ to go \down the plughole [or BRIT also pan] [or AUS gurgler] ( fam) für die Katz sein sl

we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst ist

▶ \down the road [or line] [or track] auf der ganzen Linie fig, voll und ganz

III. ADJECTIVE

<more \down, most \down>

1. attr, inv (moving downward) abwärtsführend, nach unten nach n

the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach unten

2. pred ( fam: unhappy, sad) niedergeschlagen, down fam

I've been feeling a bit \down this week diese Woche bin ich nicht so gut drauf fam

3. pred, inv ( fam: disapproving of)

▪ to be \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam

4. pred, inv (not functioning) außer Betrieb

the computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltet

I'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot

5. attr, inv BRIT ( dated: travelling away from the city) stadtauswärts fahrend attr

\down platform Bahnsteig m [o SCHWEIZ Perron m] für stadtauswärts fahrende Züge

6. (sunk to a low level) niedrig

the river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] Niedrigwasser

IV. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (knock down)

▪ to \down sb jdn zu Fall bringen; BOXING jdn niederschlagen [o sl auf die Bretter schicken

2. (shoot down)

▪ to \down sth etw abschießen [o fam runterholen

3. esp BRIT

to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

the printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen

4. AM, AUS SPORT (beat)

▪ to \down sb jdn schlagen [o fam fertigmachen

5.

▪ to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]

he'd \downed four beers er hatte vier Bier gekippt fam

V. NOUN

1. (bad fortune) Tiefpunkt m, schlechte Zeit

ups and \downs Auf und Ab nt

well, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemacht

2. no pl ( fam: dislike) Groll m

▪ to have a \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam

why do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?

3. AM FBALL Versuch m

it's second \down es ist der zweite Versuch

VI. INTERJECTION

\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!

\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!

down²

[daʊn]

I. n no pl

1. (soft feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl

2. (soft hair or fluff) [Bart]flaum m, feine Härchen

II. n modifier Daunen-

\down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke f

down³

[daʊn]

n esp BRIT Hügelland nt, [baumloser] Höhenzug

▪ the \downs pl die Downs (an der Südküste Englands)

* * *
I [daʊn]
1. ADVERB
When down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.
1) indicating movement towards speaker herunter; (away from speaker) hinunter; (downstairs) nach unten

to jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen

on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab

on the way down to London — auf dem Weg nach London runter (inf)

all the way down to the bottom — bis ganz nach unten

down! (to dog) — Platz! __diams; down with...! nieder mit...!

2) indicating static position unten

down there — da unten

I'll stay down here —

down in the valley — unten im Tal

it needs a bit of paint down at the bottom — es muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden

don't kick a man when he's down (fig) — man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)

head down — mit dem Kopf nach unten

the sun was down —

the blinds were down — die Jalousien waren unten or heruntergelassen

I'll be down in a minute —

to be down for the count (Boxing) — ausgezählt werden

I've been down with flu — ich habe mit Grippe (im Bett) gelegen

3)

= to or in another place usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus London

he's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder

he lives down South — er wohnt im Süden

we're going down South — wir fahren in den Süden

we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover

4)

= below previous level his temperature is down —

his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen

interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen

I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte

he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10

they're still three goals down — sie liegen immer noch mit drei Toren zurück

See:

→ luck

5)

in writing I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiert

let's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest

when you see it down on paper — wenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht

to be down for the next race — für das nächste Rennen gemeldet sein

it's down for next month — es steht für nächsten Monat auf dem Programm

6)

indicating range or succession usu not translated from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangen

down through the ages — von jeher

from 1700 down to the present —

right down to the present day — bis zum heutigen Tag

from the chairman (all the way) down to the doorman — vom Vorsitzenden bis (herunter) zum Pförtner

7) indicating responsibility __diams; to be down to sb/sth (= caused by) an jdm/etw liegen

any mistakes are down to us — irgendwelche Fehler liegen an uns

8)

as deposit to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlen

I've put down a deposit on a new bike —

how much do they want down? — was verlangen sie als Anzahlung?

2. PREPOSITION

1)

indicating movement downwards to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommen

he ran his finger down the list — er ging (mit dem Finger) die Liste durch

her hair fell loose down her back — sie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern

2)

at a lower part of he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten

the other skiers were further down the slope — die anderen Skifahrer waren weiter unten

she lives just down the street — sie wohnt ein Stückchen weiter die Straße entlang

3)

= along he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlang

if you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen

4)

= throughout down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)

5)

= to, in, at Brit inf he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen

she's down the shops — sie ist einkaufen gegangen

he works down the garage — er arbeitet in der Autowerkstatt

3. NOUN
(= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf) → up
See:

→ up

4. ADJECTIVE (inf)

1)

= depressed he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen

2)

= not working to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein

5. TRANSITIVE VERB
opponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf)
to down tools — die Arbeit niederlegen
II
n
(= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m III
n usu pl (GEOG)
Hügelland nt no pl
on the down(s) — im Hügelland

* * *

Down [daʊn] s Down n (Grafschaft in Nordirland)

* * *
I noun
(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
II noun
1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der

2) (hair) Flaum, der
III 1. adverb
1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

3) (of money): (at once) sofort

pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

5) (on to paper)

copy something down from the board — etwas von der Tafel abschreiben

6) (on programme)

put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

down on the floor — auf dem Fußboden

low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

down under the table — unter dem Tisch

wear one's hair down — sein Haar offen tragen

down there/here — da/hier unten

X metres down — X Meter tief

his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)

down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

be down with an illness — eine Krankheit haben

10) (on paper)

be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]

12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

keep one's eyes down — zu Boden sehen

be down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

13) (in depression)

down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger

15)

be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

16) (to reduced consistency or size)

thin gravy down — Soße verdünnen

the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft

wear the soles down — die Sohlen ablaufen

17) (including lower limit)

from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

be down on one's earnings of the previous year — weniger verdienen als im Vorjahr

be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.
2. preposition
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss

fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

his eye travelled down the list — sein Auge wanderte über die Liste

walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

2) (downwards through) durch

3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

5) (downwards in time)

the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden

6) (along)

come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen

go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

live just down the road — ein Stück weiter unten in der Straße wohnen

8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)

down the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses

9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
3. adjective
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
4. transitive verb
(coll.)

1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]

2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]

3)

down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
5. noun
(coll.)

have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
•• Cultural note:
Downing Street

Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist

* * *

(fluff) n.

Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.

Daune -n f. adj.

abwärts adj.

herab adj.

herunter adj.

hinab adj.

hinunter adj.

nieder adj.

rückwärts adj.

unten adj.

zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj.

English-german dictionary > Down
18 down

I noun
(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
II noun
1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der

2) (hair) Flaum, der
III 1. adverb
1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

3) (of money): (at once) sofort

pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

5) (on to paper)

copy something down from the board — etwas von der Tafel abschreiben

6) (on programme)

put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

down on the floor — auf dem Fußboden

low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

down under the table — unter dem Tisch

wear one's hair down — sein Haar offen tragen

down there/here — da/hier unten

X metres down — X Meter tief

his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)

down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

be down with an illness — eine Krankheit haben

10) (on paper)

be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]

12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

keep one's eyes down — zu Boden sehen

be down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

13) (in depression)

down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger

15)

be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

16) (to reduced consistency or size)

thin gravy down — Soße verdünnen

the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft

wear the soles down — die Sohlen ablaufen

17) (including lower limit)

from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

be down on one's earnings of the previous year — weniger verdienen als im Vorjahr

be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.
2. preposition
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss

fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

his eye travelled down the list — sein Auge wanderte über die Liste

walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

2) (downwards through) durch

3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

5) (downwards in time)

the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden

6) (along)

come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen

go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

live just down the road — ein Stück weiter unten in der Straße wohnen

8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)

down the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses

9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
3. adjective
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
4. transitive verb
(coll.)

1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]

2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]

3)

down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
5. noun
(coll.)

have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
•• Cultural note:
Downing Street

Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist

* * *
I 1. adverb
1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter

2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden

3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter

4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen

5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter
2. preposition
1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter

2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter

3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang
3. verb
(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen

- downward
- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjective
He is a downright nuisance!)

- downstairs
- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun
(small, soft feathers: a quilt filled with down.) Daunen (pl.)

- downie®
- downy
* * *

down¹

[daʊn]

I. ADVERB

1. (movement to a lower position) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter, herab geh

get \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!

the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutscht

come further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam

“\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“

▪ to fall \down (drop) hinunterfallen; (fall over) umfallen; (stumble) hinfallen

▪ to let sth \down etw herunterlassen

to lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]

to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehen

to put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen

2. (downwards) nach unten

head \down mit dem Kopf nach unten

to be [or lie] face \down auf dem Bauch [o mit dem Gesicht nach unten] liegen

to point down nach unten zeigen

3. (in a lower position) unten

\down here/there hier/dort unten

\down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw dat

4. inv (in the south) im Süden, unten fam; (towards the south) in den Süden, runter fam

things are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurer

how often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fam

5. inv (away from the centre) außerhalb

my parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershire

he has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen

\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartier

6. ( fam: badly off) unten

she's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! fam

to be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne haben

she's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt

to hit [or kick] sb when he's \down jdn treten, wenn er schon am Boden liegt fig

7. (have only)

▪ to be \down to sth nur noch etw haben

when the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade

8. (ill)

to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt sein

she's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im Bett

to come [or go] \down with sth an etw dat erkranken, etw kriegen fam

I think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam

9. SPORT im Rückstand

Milan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück

10. (back in time, to a later time)

Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert

\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]

to come \down myths überliefert werden

to pass [or hand] sth \down etw weitergeben [o überliefern

11. (at/to a lower amount) niedriger

the pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahr

he quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatte

to get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]

to go \down sinken

the number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken

12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunter

let the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennen

settle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zwei

to turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]

to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern

13. (including) bis einschließlich

the entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht geraten

everyone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört

14. (on paper)

to have sth \down in writing [or on paper] etw schriftlich [o fam schwarz auf weiß] haben

to get [or put] sb \down for sth jdn für etw akk vormerken

we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestellt

15. (swallowed) hinunter, runter fam

to get sth \down etw [hinunter]schlucken

she couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter fam

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast

16. (thoroughly) gründlich

he washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten

17. (already finished) vorbei

two lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht

18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung

to pay [or put] £100 \down 100 Pfund anzahlen

19. (attributable)

▪ to be \down to sth auf etw akk zurückzuführen sein

the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenz

to be [or AM also come] \down to sb jds Sache sein

it's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen

20. (reduce to)

to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufen

what the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...

well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...

21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht

22.

▶ \down to the ground völlig, ganz und gar, total fam

that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für mich

II. PREPOSITION

1. (in a downward direction) hinunter; (towards the speaker) herunter

my uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] ist

up and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter fam

she poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abfluss

2. (downhill) hinunter, hinab geh; (towards the speaker) herunter [o geh herab]

to come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]

to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen

3. (along) entlang

go \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]

her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seite

we drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis Bristol

I ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durch

her long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rücken

to sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln

4. (in a particular place)

\down sb's way in jds Gegend

they speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam

5. (through time)

\down the ages von Generation zu Generation

\down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch

\down the generations über Generationen hinweg

6. BRIT, AUS ( fam: to)

I went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipe

to go \down the shops einkaufen gehen

7. (inside) in + dat

you'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast

8.

▶ to go \down the drain [or toilet] [or tube[s]] ( fam)

▶ to go \down the plughole [or BRIT also pan] [or AUS gurgler] ( fam) für die Katz sein sl

we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst ist

▶ \down the road [or line] [or track] auf der ganzen Linie fig, voll und ganz

III. ADJECTIVE

<more \down, most \down>

1. attr, inv (moving downward) abwärtsführend, nach unten nach n

the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach unten

2. pred ( fam: unhappy, sad) niedergeschlagen, down fam

I've been feeling a bit \down this week diese Woche bin ich nicht so gut drauf fam

3. pred, inv ( fam: disapproving of)

▪ to be \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam

4. pred, inv (not functioning) außer Betrieb

the computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltet

I'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot

5. attr, inv BRIT ( dated: travelling away from the city) stadtauswärts fahrend attr

\down platform Bahnsteig m [o SCHWEIZ Perron m] für stadtauswärts fahrende Züge

6. (sunk to a low level) niedrig

the river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] Niedrigwasser

IV. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (knock down)

▪ to \down sb jdn zu Fall bringen; BOXING jdn niederschlagen [o sl auf die Bretter schicken

2. (shoot down)

▪ to \down sth etw abschießen [o fam runterholen

3. esp BRIT

to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

the printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen

4. AM, AUS SPORT (beat)

▪ to \down sb jdn schlagen [o fam fertigmachen

5.

▪ to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]

he'd \downed four beers er hatte vier Bier gekippt fam

V. NOUN

1. (bad fortune) Tiefpunkt m, schlechte Zeit

ups and \downs Auf und Ab nt

well, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemacht

2. no pl ( fam: dislike) Groll m

▪ to have a \down on sb jdn auf dem Kieker [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ im Visier] haben fam

why do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?

3. AM FBALL Versuch m

it's second \down es ist der zweite Versuch

VI. INTERJECTION

\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!

\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!

down²

[daʊn]

I. n no pl

1. (soft feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl

2. (soft hair or fluff) [Bart]flaum m, feine Härchen

II. n modifier Daunen-

\down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke f

down³

[daʊn]

n esp BRIT Hügelland nt, [baumloser] Höhenzug

▪ the \downs pl die Downs (an der Südküste Englands)

* * *
I [daʊn]
1. ADVERB
When down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.
1) indicating movement towards speaker herunter; (away from speaker) hinunter; (downstairs) nach unten

to jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen

on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab

on the way down to London — auf dem Weg nach London runter (inf)

all the way down to the bottom — bis ganz nach unten

down! (to dog) — Platz! __diams; down with...! nieder mit...!

2) indicating static position unten

down there — da unten

I'll stay down here —

down in the valley — unten im Tal

it needs a bit of paint down at the bottom — es muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden

don't kick a man when he's down (fig) — man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)

head down — mit dem Kopf nach unten

the sun was down —

the blinds were down — die Jalousien waren unten or heruntergelassen

I'll be down in a minute —

to be down for the count (Boxing) — ausgezählt werden

I've been down with flu — ich habe mit Grippe (im Bett) gelegen

3)

= to or in another place usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus London

he's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder

he lives down South — er wohnt im Süden

we're going down South — wir fahren in den Süden

we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover

4)

= below previous level his temperature is down —

his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen

interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen

I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte

he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10

they're still three goals down — sie liegen immer noch mit drei Toren zurück

See:

→ luck

5)

in writing I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiert

let's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest

when you see it down on paper — wenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht

to be down for the next race — für das nächste Rennen gemeldet sein

it's down for next month — es steht für nächsten Monat auf dem Programm

6)

indicating range or succession usu not translated from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangen

down through the ages — von jeher

from 1700 down to the present —

right down to the present day — bis zum heutigen Tag

from the chairman (all the way) down to the doorman — vom Vorsitzenden bis (herunter) zum Pförtner

7) indicating responsibility __diams; to be down to sb/sth (= caused by) an jdm/etw liegen

any mistakes are down to us — irgendwelche Fehler liegen an uns

8)

as deposit to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlen

I've put down a deposit on a new bike —

how much do they want down? — was verlangen sie als Anzahlung?

2. PREPOSITION

1)

indicating movement downwards to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommen

he ran his finger down the list — er ging (mit dem Finger) die Liste durch

her hair fell loose down her back — sie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern

2)

at a lower part of he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten

the other skiers were further down the slope — die anderen Skifahrer waren weiter unten

she lives just down the street — sie wohnt ein Stückchen weiter die Straße entlang

3)

= along he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlang

if you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen

4)

= throughout down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)

5)

= to, in, at Brit inf he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen

she's down the shops — sie ist einkaufen gegangen

he works down the garage — er arbeitet in der Autowerkstatt

3. NOUN
(= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf) → up
See:

→ up

4. ADJECTIVE (inf)

1)

= depressed he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen

2)

= not working to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein

5. TRANSITIVE VERB
opponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf)
to down tools — die Arbeit niederlegen
II
n
(= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m III
n usu pl (GEOG)
Hügelland nt no pl
on the down(s) — im Hügelland

* * *

down¹ [daʊn]

A adv

1. nach unten, herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, ab-, niederwärts, zum Boden, zum Grund, (in Kreuzworträtseln) senkrecht:

three down;

down from fort von, von … herab;

paralysed from the waist down von der Hüfte abwärts gelähmt;

down to bis hinunter oder hinab zu;

down to our times bis in unsere Zeit;

down to the last detail bis ins letzte Detail;

down to the last man bis zum letzten Mann;

from … down to von … bis hinunter zu;

down to the ground umg vollständig, absolut, ganz und gar;

suit sb down to the ground umg genau das Richtige für jemanden sein;

be down on sb umg

a) über jemanden herfallen,

b) jemanden auf dem Kieker haben umg

2. nieder…: → burn down, etc

3. (in) bar, sofort:

ten dollars down 10 Dollar (in) bar; → pay down

4. zu Papier, nieder…: → take down 8, etc

5. vorgemerkt, angesetzt:

the bill is down for the third reading today heute steht die dritte Lesung der Gesetzesvorlage auf der Tagesordnung;

be down for Friday für Freitag angesetzt sein

6. von einer großen Stadt ( in England: von London) weg:

go down to the country aufs Land fahren; → go down 12

7. besonders US

a) zu einer großen Stadt hin

b) zur Endstation hin

c) ins Geschäftsviertel

8. (nach Süden) hinunter

9. a) mit dem Strom, flussabwärts

b) mit dem Wind

10. Br von der Universität: → go down 10, send down 2

11. nieder!:

down with the capitalists! nieder mit den Kapitalisten!;

down on your knees! auf die Knie (mit dir)!

12. (dr)unten:

down there dort unten;

down under umg in oder nach Australien oder Neuseeland

13. unten (im Hause), aufgestanden:

he is not down yet er ist noch oben oder im Schlafzimmer

14. untergegangen (Sonne)

15. a) heruntergegangen, gefallen (Preise)

b) billiger (Waren)

16. gefallen (Thermometer etc):

be down by 10 degrees um 10 Grad gefallen sein

17. Br

a) nicht in London

b) nicht an der Universität

18. a) nieder-, hingestreckt, am Boden (liegend)

b) Boxen: am Boden, unten umg:

down and out k. o., fig (auch physisch od psychisch) erledigt umg, ruiniert

c) erschöpft, kaputt, fix und fertig (beide umg)

d) deprimiert, niedergeschlagen, down umg: → mouth A 1

e) heruntergekommen, in elenden Verhältnissen (lebend): → come down 4, heel¹ Bes Redew

f) außer Betrieb (Computer)

19. bettlägerig:

be down with influenza mit Grippe im Bett liegen

20. SPORT (um Punkte etc) zurück:

he was two points down er war oder lag 2 Punkte zurück;

they are 1-4 down sie liegen mit 1:4 im Rückstand (to gegen)

B adj

1. nach unten oder abwärtsgerichtet, Abwärts…:

a down jump ein Sprung nach unten

2. unten befindlich

3. deprimiert, niedergeschlagen

4. Br von London abfahrend oder kommend (Zug):

down platform Abfahrtsbahnsteig m (in London)

5. besonders US

a) in Richtung nach einer großen Stadt

b) zum Geschäftsviertel (hin), in die Stadtmitte

6. Bar…: → down payment

7. besonders US sl deprimierend

C präp

1. herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, entlang:

down the hill den Hügel hinunter;

down the river den Fluss hinunter, flussab(wärts);

down the middle durch die Mitte;

down the street die Straße entlang oder hinunter

2. (in derselben Richtung) mit:

down the wind mit dem Wind

3. a) hinunter in (akk)

b) hinein in (akk)

4. unten an (dat):

further down the Rhine weiter unten am Rhein

5. zeitlich: durch … (hindurch): → age A 4

D s

1. fig

a) Abstieg m

b) Nieder-, Rückgang m

2. Tiefpunkt m, -stand m

3. Depression f, (seelischer) Tiefpunkt

4. umg Groll m:

have a down on sb jemanden auf dem Kieker haben

5. → downer 1

E v/t

1. zu Fall bringen ( auch SPORT und fig)

2. niederschlagen

3. niederlegen:

down tools die Arbeit niederlegen, in den Streik treten

4. ein Flugzeug abschießen, runterholen umg

5. einen Reiter abwerfen

6. umg ein Getränk runterkippen

F v/i

1. umg

a) hinunterrutschen (Speise)

b) (gut) schmecken

2. besonders US sl Beruhigungsmittel nehmen

down² [daʊn] s

1. ORN

a) Daunen pl, flaumiges Gefieder:

dead down Raufdaunen;

live down Nestdaunen;

down quilt Daunendecke f

b) Daune f, Flaumfeder f:

in the down noch nicht flügge

2. ( auch Bart)Flaum m, feine Härchen pl

3. BOT

a) feiner Flaum

b) haarige Samenkrone, Pappus m

4. weiche, flaumige Masse

down³ [daʊn] s

1. obs

a) Hügel m

b) Sandhügel m, besonders Düne f

2. pl waldloses, besonders grasbedecktes Hügelland:

the Downs

a) Hügelland entlang der Süd- und Südostküste Englands,

b) Reede an der Südostküste Englands, vor der Stadt Deal

* * *
I noun
(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)
II noun
1) (of bird) Daunen Pl.; Flaum, der

2) (hair) Flaum, der
III 1. adverb
1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht

[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter

go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen

2) (Brit.): (from capital) raus (bes. ugs.); heraus/hinaus (bes. schriftsprachlich)

get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren

come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen

3) (of money): (at once) sofort

pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen

4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]

shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern

5) (on to paper)

copy something down from the board — etwas von der Tafel abschreiben

6) (on programme)

put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen

7) as int. runter! (bes. ugs.); (to dog) leg dich!; nieder!; (Mil.) hinlegen!

down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!

8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) unten

down on the floor — auf dem Fußboden

low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten

down under the table — unter dem Tisch

wear one's hair down — sein Haar offen tragen

down there/here — da/hier unten

X metres down — X Meter tief

his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer

down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande

down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)

down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten

down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern

down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)

9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde

be down with an illness — eine Krankheit haben

10) (on paper)

be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein

11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]

12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden

keep one's eyes down — zu Boden sehen

be down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen

13) (in depression)

down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen

14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger

15)

be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...

we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund

now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun

16) (to reduced consistency or size)

thin gravy down — Soße verdünnen

the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft

wear the soles down — die Sohlen ablaufen

17) (including lower limit)

from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter

18) (in position of lagging or loss) weniger

be three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen

be down on one's earnings of the previous year — weniger verdienen als im Vorjahr

be down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.
2. preposition
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)

lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss

fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen

his eye travelled down the list — sein Auge wanderte über die Liste

walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen

2) (downwards through) durch

3) (downwards into) rein in (+ Akk.) (bes. ugs.); hinein in (+ Akk.) (bes. schriftsprachlich)

fall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen

4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)

spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen

5) (downwards in time)

the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden

6) (along)

come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen

go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen

7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] unten

further down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste

live just down the road — ein Stück weiter unten in der Straße wohnen

8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)

down the side of a house — an der Seite eines Hauses

9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)

I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee

10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)

down the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
3. adjective
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]
4. transitive verb
(coll.)

1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]

2) (drink down) leer machen (ugs.) [Flasche, Glas]; schlucken (ugs.) [Getränk]

3)

down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen

4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]
5. noun
(coll.)

have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
•• Cultural note:
Downing Street

Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist

* * *

(fluff) n.

Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.

Daune -n f. adj.

abwärts adj.

herab adj.

herunter adj.

hinab adj.

hinunter adj.

nieder adj.

rückwärts adj.

unten adj.

zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj.

English-german dictionary > down
19 direct

I 1. [daɪ'rekt, dɪ-]
aggettivo

1) (without intermediary) [control, link, participation, sunlight] diretto

in direct contact with — (touching) a diretto contatto con; (communicating) in diretto contatto con

2) (without detour) [access, flight] diretto

to be a direct descendant of — essere un discendente diretto di, discendere in linea diretta da

3) (clear) [cause, influence, reference, threat] diretto; [ result] immediato; [ contrast] netto

to be the direct opposite of — essere l'esatto opposto di

4) (straightforward) [answer, method] diretto; [ person] diretto, franco

5) ling. [speech, question] diretto
2.
avverbio

1) (without intermediary) [speak, dial] direttamente

to pay sth. direct into sb.'s account — accreditare qcs. direttamente sul conto di qcn

2) (without detour) [come, go] direttamente

to fly direct — fare un volo diretto
II 1. [daɪ'rekt, dɪ-]
verbo transitivo

1) fig. (address, aim) indirizzare, rivolgere [appeal, criticism] (at a); orientare [ campaign] (at verso); dirigere [effort, resource] (to, towards verso)

to direct one's attention to — dirigere la propria attenzione su

to direct sb.'s attention to — richiamare l'attenzione di qcn. su

2) (control) dirigere [company, project, traffic]

3) (point) dirigere [attack, car, look] (at verso); puntare [ gun] (at contro)

4) cinem. rad. telev. dirigere, realizzare [ film]; teatr. dirigere, mettere in scena [ play]; dirigere [actor, opera]

5) (instruct)

to direct sb. to do — ordinare a qcn. di fare

to direct that sth. (should) be done — ordinare che sia fatto qcs.

he did it as directed — ha agito secondo le istruzioni

"to be taken as directed" — farm. "seguire attentamente le modalità d'uso"

6) (show route)

to direct sb. to sth. — indicare a qcn. la strada per qcs
2.
verbo intransitivo cinem. rad. telev. dirigere, curare la regia; teatr. dirigere, curare la realizzazione

* * *
[di'rekt] 1. adjective
1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) diretto

2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) franco

3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) diretto

4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) esatto

5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) diretto
2. verb
1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) dirigere

2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) indirizzare

3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) ordinare

4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) dirigere

•

- direction
- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory
* * *
I 1. [daɪ'rekt, dɪ-]
aggettivo

1) (without intermediary) [control, link, participation, sunlight] diretto

in direct contact with — (touching) a diretto contatto con; (communicating) in diretto contatto con

2) (without detour) [access, flight] diretto

to be a direct descendant of — essere un discendente diretto di, discendere in linea diretta da

3) (clear) [cause, influence, reference, threat] diretto; [ result] immediato; [ contrast] netto

to be the direct opposite of — essere l'esatto opposto di

4) (straightforward) [answer, method] diretto; [ person] diretto, franco

5) ling. [speech, question] diretto
2.
avverbio

1) (without intermediary) [speak, dial] direttamente

to pay sth. direct into sb.'s account — accreditare qcs. direttamente sul conto di qcn

2) (without detour) [come, go] direttamente

to fly direct — fare un volo diretto
II 1. [daɪ'rekt, dɪ-]
verbo transitivo

1) fig. (address, aim) indirizzare, rivolgere [appeal, criticism] (at a); orientare [ campaign] (at verso); dirigere [effort, resource] (to, towards verso)

to direct one's attention to — dirigere la propria attenzione su

to direct sb.'s attention to — richiamare l'attenzione di qcn. su

2) (control) dirigere [company, project, traffic]

3) (point) dirigere [attack, car, look] (at verso); puntare [ gun] (at contro)

4) cinem. rad. telev. dirigere, realizzare [ film]; teatr. dirigere, mettere in scena [ play]; dirigere [actor, opera]

5) (instruct)

to direct sb. to do — ordinare a qcn. di fare

to direct that sth. (should) be done — ordinare che sia fatto qcs.

he did it as directed — ha agito secondo le istruzioni

"to be taken as directed" — farm. "seguire attentamente le modalità d'uso"

6) (show route)

to direct sb. to sth. — indicare a qcn. la strada per qcs
2.
verbo intransitivo cinem. rad. telev. dirigere, curare la regia; teatr. dirigere, curare la realizzazione

English-Italian dictionary > direct
20 dirigere

direct

azienda run, manage

orchestra conduct

* * *

dirigere v.tr.

1 ( volgere in una data direzione) to turn, to direct: diresse i passi verso casa, he turned (o directed) his steps towards home; diresse lo sguardo alla finestra, he turned his eyes towards the window; dirigere la mira contro qlcu., to aim at s.o.; diresse la nave verso il porto, he steered (o directed) the ship towards the harbour; diresse l'auto contro di lui, he steered (o drove) the car straight towards him; dirigere gli sforzi a, to direct one's efforts to (o towards)

2 ( rivolgere) to address; to direct: il presidente diresse parole di benvenuto ai congressisti, the president addressed a welcome to those attending the conference; dirigere un'accusa a, to direct an accusation at

3 ( amministrare) to manage, to run*; ( essere responsabile) to be in charge of (sthg.); ( giornali) to edit: dirigeva la ditta, la società con molta abilità, he ran the firm very ably; dirigeva la scuola da vent'anni quando lo conobbi, he had been headmaster of the school for twenty years when I met him; il giornale è diretto da una persona molto competente, the newspaper is edited by a very competent person; chi dirige l'ufficio acquisti?, who is in charge of the purchasing office?

4 ( sovrintendere) to supervise, to superintend, to direct: non c'era nessuno a dirigere i lavori, there was nobody to supervise (o to direct) the works // dirigere il traffico, to direct the traffic

5 ( un'orchestra) to conduct.

◘ dirigersi v.rifl. to make* for (s.o., sthg.), to head for (s.o., sthg.): si diresse verso la porta, he made for the door; l'imbarcazione si diresse verso il porto, the boat steered toward (o headed for) the harbour; si diresse verso suo padre, he walked towards his father; si diresse verso il villaggio, he made for the village.

* * *

1. [di'ridʒere]
vb irreg vt
1) (condurre) to run, (ditta) to manage, (giornale) to edit, (partito, inchiesta) to lead, (operazioni, traffico) to direct, (orchestra) to conduct

dirigere il traffico — to direct the traffic

dirigere i lavori — to be in charge of the work

2)

(arma) dirigere verso o contro — to point at

dirigere contro — (critiche) to direct at, aim at

dirigere l'attenzione su qc/qn — to turn one's attention to sth/sb

dirigere i propri passi verso — to make one's way towards

dirigere lo sguardo verso — to look towards

a chi era diretta quell'osservazione? — who was that remark intended for?

era diretto verso casa — he was heading home

dove sei diretto? — where are you heading?

il treno era diretto a Pavia — the train was en route for Pavia

eravamo diretti a nord — we were heading north

mi hanno diretto qui — they sent me here

3) (pacco, lettera) to address

2. vr (dirigersi)

(prendere una direzione)

dirigersi a o verso — (luogo) to make one's way towards, make o head for

si è diretto verso la porta — he made for the door

dirigersi verso — (persona) to come/go towards

l'aereo si dirigeva a nord — the plane was on its way o flying north

si diresse a o verso casa — he headed home, he set off home

dove si è diretto? — which way did he go?

* * *
[di'ridʒere] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (essere a capo di) to direct, to head [ compagnia]; to run* [hotel, scuola]; to edit [giornale, rivista]; to control, to supervise [operazione, progetto]

2) (regolare)

dirigere il traffico — to direct the traffic, to be on traffic duty

3) (orientare, volgere) to head, to point [ veicolo] ( verso towards); to direct [luce, sguardo, sforzo, attenzione] ( verso to, towards)

dirigere i propri passi verso — to turn one's steps towards

4) mus. to conduct [orchestra, concerto]

5) cinem. teatr. to direct [attore, film, opera teatrale]

6) sport (arbitrare) to referee [ partita]
2.
verbo pronominale dirigersi

- rsi verso — to head for, to make for o towards, to make one's way towards

-rsi verso sud, nord — to head south, north

* * *

dirigere

/di'ridʒere/ [38]

I verbo transitivo

1 (essere a capo di) to direct, to head [ compagnia]; to run* [hotel, scuola]; to edit [giornale, rivista]; to control, to supervise [operazione, progetto]

2 (regolare) dirigere il traffico to direct the traffic, to be on traffic duty

3 (orientare, volgere) to head, to point [ veicolo] ( verso towards); to direct [luce, sguardo, sforzo, attenzione] ( verso to, towards); dirigere i propri passi verso to turn one's steps towards

4 mus. to conduct [orchestra, concerto]

5 cinem. teatr. to direct [attore, film, opera teatrale]

6 sport (arbitrare) to referee [ partita]

II dirigersi verbo pronominale

- rsi verso to head for, to make for o towards, to make one's way towards; -rsi verso sud, nord to head south, north.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dirigere

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